Previously rewarding experiences can influence choices in new situations. Past work has demonstrated that existing reward associations can either help or hinder future behaviors and that there is substantial individual variability in the transfer of value across contexts. Developmental changes in reward sensitivity may also modulate the impact of prior reward associations on later goal-directed behavior. The current study aimed to characterize how reward associations formed in the past affected learning in the present from childhood to adulthood. Participants completed a reinforcement learning paradigm using high- and low-reward stimuli from a task completed 24 h earlier, as well as novel stimuli, as choice options. We found that prior high-reward associations impeded learning across all ages. We then assessed how individual differences in the prioritization of high- versus low-reward associations in memory impacted new learning. Greater high-reward memory prioritization was associated with worse learning performance for previously high-reward relative to low-reward stimuli across age. Adolescents also showed impeded early learning regardless of individual differences in high-reward memory prioritization. Detrimental effects of previous reward on choice behavior did not persist beyond learning. These findings indicate that prior reward associations proactively interfere with future learning from childhood to adulthood and that individual differences in reward-related memory prioritization influence new learning across age.

中文翻译：

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奖励动机的记忆影响整个发展过程中的新学习

以前有益的经历会影响新情况下的选择。过去的工作表明，现有的奖励关联可以帮助或阻碍未来的行为，并且在跨环境的价值转移中存在很大的个体差异。奖励敏感性的发展变化也可能调节先前的奖励关联对后来的目标导向行为的影响。目前的研究旨在描述过去形成的奖励协会如何影响现在从童年到成年的学习。参与者使用 24 小时前完成的任务中的高奖励和低奖励刺激以及新颖的刺激作为选择选项来完成强化学习范例。我们发现先前的高回报联想阻碍了所有年龄段的学习。然后，我们评估了记忆中高奖励与低奖励关联优先顺序的个体差异如何影响新的学习。更高的高奖励记忆优先级与先前高奖励相对于跨年龄低奖励刺激的较差学习表现相关。无论高奖励记忆优先排序的个体差异如何，青少年也表现出早期学习受阻。先前奖励对选择行为的不利影响并没有持续到学习之外。这些发现表明，先前的奖励关联会主动干扰未来从童年到成年的学习，并且与奖励相关的记忆优先顺序的个体差异会影响不同年龄段的新学习。更高的高奖励记忆优先级与先前高奖励相对于跨年龄低奖励刺激的较差学习表现相关。无论高奖励记忆优先排序的个体差异如何，青少年也表现出早期学习受阻。先前奖励对选择行为的不利影响并没有持续到学习之外。这些发现表明，先前的奖励关联会主动干扰未来从童年到成年的学习，并且与奖励相关的记忆优先顺序的个体差异会影响不同年龄段的新学习。更高的高奖励记忆优先级与先前高奖励相对于跨年龄低奖励刺激的较差学习表现相关。无论高奖励记忆优先排序的个体差异如何，青少年也表现出早期学习受阻。先前奖励对选择行为的不利影响并没有持续到学习之外。这些发现表明，先前的奖励关联会主动干扰未来从童年到成年的学习，并且与奖励相关的记忆优先顺序的个体差异会影响不同年龄段的新学习。先前奖励对选择行为的不利影响并没有持续到学习之外。这些发现表明，先前的奖励关联会主动干扰未来从童年到成年的学习，并且与奖励相关的记忆优先顺序的个体差异会影响不同年龄段的新学习。先前奖励对选择行为的不利影响并没有持续到学习之外。这些发现表明，先前的奖励关联会主动干扰未来从童年到成年的学习，并且与奖励相关的记忆优先顺序的个体差异会影响不同年龄段的新学习。