Among the many social characteristics that run in the family, education is one of the most strongly persistent. The long-term changes in educational reproduction within families and across generations and the gender-specific drivers of these changes remain partially unclear. Using population data for all Finnish siblings and their parents, we assessed the level of and trends in the intergenerational persistence of education among cohorts born between 1950 and 1989. The variance in education shared among siblings was 37% and remained stable over time. Parental education steadily increased its explanatory power in the shared variance, from 30% among cohorts born in the 1950s to 40% among cohorts born in the 1970s and 1980s. The direct contribution of maternal education net of paternal education for sibling similarity more than doubled across cohorts (from 5% in 1950 to 13% in 1989). The direct contribution of paternal education (10-12%) remained stable. Same-gender siblings resembled each other in education more closely than their opposite-gender counterparts. The growing importance of maternal education over time, which surpasses the predictive power of paternal education, demonstrates an important qualitative change in the determinants of educational stratification. The growing importance of mothers' education can plausibly result from the strengthening meritocratic achievement of women in education and the associated increase of women in defining the social position of the family. Incorporating the education of both parents in future analyses of intergenerational reproduction of education will probably be increasingly salient.

中文翻译：

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1950-89 年出生的芬兰同胞在教育方面的相似性变化：父亲和母亲教育的贡献。

在家庭的众多社会特征中，教育是最持久的特征之一。家庭内部和跨代教育再生产的长期变化以及这些变化的特定性别驱动因素仍部分不清楚。使用所有芬兰兄弟姐妹及其父母的人口数据，我们评估了 1950 年至 1989 年间出生的同龄人的代际教育持续性的水平和趋势。兄弟姐妹之间的教育差异为 37%，并且随着时间的推移保持稳定。父母教育稳步提高了其对共享方差的解释力，从 1950 年代出生的人群中的 30% 到 1970 年代和 80 年代出生的人群中的 40%。母亲教育扣除父亲教育对兄弟姐妹相似性的直接贡献在同龄人中增加了一倍多（从 1950 年的 5% 到 1989 年的 13%）。父亲教育的直接贡献（10-12%）保持稳定。同性兄弟姐妹在教育方面比异性兄弟姐妹更相似。随着时间的推移，母亲教育的重要性日益增加，超过了父亲教育的预测能力，表明教育分层的决定因素发生了重要的质变。母亲教育的日益重要可能是由于妇女在教育方面的精英成就得到加强以及妇女在确定家庭社会地位方面的相关增加。