Equine parvovirus-hepatitis (EqPV-H) is one of the etiological agents of Theiler's disease, causing fulminant hepatitis; however, its transmission route and pathogenesis remain unclear. In the present study, we aimed to determine EqPV-H shedding in oral/nasal/vaginal swabs or semen samples from horses living in Korea using nested polymerase chain reaction. We then used the data obtained to investigate various risk factors associated with EqPV-H including viral shedding, hepatopathological changes, and genetic diversity. Our data revealed occurrence of EqPV-H shedding in these animals (oral: 3/102 [2.9%]; nasal: 3/102 [2.9%]; semen: 1/9 [11.1%]) and identified that both age and country of foaling were significantly associated with EqPV-H shedding (p < .05). In addition, we noted that one of the newly isolated strains clustered separately from the other strains in the phylogenetic tree, revealing unique nucleotide and amino acid substitutions. This is a field surveillance study providing evidence of natural and venereal shedding of EqPV-H and describing its presence in both oral/nasal fluids and semen. This epidemiological and clinical analysis may help specify the clinicopathological features of EqPV-H and facilitate the development of novel disease prevention strategies.

中文翻译：

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从韩国生活的马身上收集的口腔、鼻腔、阴道和精液标本对马细小病毒性肝炎进行分子监测

马细小病毒性肝炎 (EqPV-H) 是泰勒氏病的病原体之一，可引起暴发性肝炎；然而，其传播途径和发病机制仍不清楚。在本研究中，我们旨在使用嵌套聚合酶链反应确定生活在韩国的马的口腔/鼻腔/阴道拭子或精液样本中的 EqPV-H 脱落。然后，我们使用获得的数据来调查与 EqPV-H 相关的各种风险因素，包括病毒脱落、肝病理学变化和遗传多样性。我们的数据显示这些动物发生 EqPV-H 脱落（经口：3/102 [2.9%]；经鼻：3/102 [2.9%]；精液：1/9 [11.1%]）并确定年龄和国家产仔与 EqPV-H 脱落显着相关（p < .05)。此外，我们注意到其中一个新分离的菌株与系统发育树中的其他菌株分开聚集，揭示了独特的核苷酸和氨基酸取代。这是一项现场监测研究，提供了 EqPV-H 自然和性病脱落的证据，并描述了它在口腔/鼻液和精液中的存在。这种流行病学和临床分析可能有助于明确 EqPV-H 的临床病理学特征，并促进新型疾病预防策略的开发。