ABSTRACT

Contingencies comprise immediate possibilities and aleatory interactions in the form of calculated responses to mutual uncertainties. While contingencies are critically important to governmental policies, yet they have been rarely considered in social analysis. The aim of this study is to analyze how the Covid-19 pandemic as a crisis has been governed both against and through contingencies by investigating the social support measures initiated by the Turkish government and the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (IMM). We gathered empirical data qualitatively from 12 in-depth interviews with the officers of local government and NGOs, supplemented by official documents. We found that contingencies are produced and become residual through configurational interdependencies, such as competition between the central and local government, unemployment, inadequate support, standardization, path dependency, and lack of diversification in need assessment. This study revealed that governmental practices are governed through contingent possibilities and interactions under mutual uncertainty and the politics of crisis management and conflict between local and central authority changed social support mechanisms.

摘要

意外事件包括直接的可能性和偶然的相互作用，以对相互不确定性的计算反应的形式出现。虽然突发事件对政府政策至关重要，但在社会分析中却很少考虑。本研究的目的是通过调查土耳其政府和伊斯坦布尔大都会市政府 (IMM) 发起的社会支持措施，分析如何应对和应对突发事件的 Covid-19 大流行危机。我们从对地方政府和非政府组织官员的 12 次深度访谈中定性地收集了实证数据，并辅以官方文件。我们发现，偶然事件是通过结构上的相互依赖而产生并成为残余的，例如中央和地方政府之间的竞争、失业、支持不足、标准化、路径依赖以及需求评估缺乏多样化。这项研究表明，在相互不确定的情况下，政府实践是通过偶然的可能性和相互作用来管理的，危机管理的政治以及地方和中央权力机构之间的冲突改变了社会支持机制。