This study aimed to investigate the influence of wind speed and direction on the convective heat transfer from a sleeping infant in different postures. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a virtual infant manikin with realistic dimensions was developed to obtain the convective heat transfer coefficient (h_c) at the body surface and the airflow and temperature distributions. The numerical model was validated beforehand using experimental data collected from infant thermal manikin experiments. The simulation results revealed that the infant's whole-body h_c increased from 4.00 to 15.73 W/m²·K when wind speed varied from 0.12 to 1 m/s. Infants lost heat more quickly than adults under ventilation, with about 2 W/m²·K higher h_c than adults in still air, and the discrepancy widened as the wind speed increased. Wind from the floor generated the highest h_c, approximately 66.4% greater than the wind from the feet at 1 m/s wind speed. Considering the wind from the feet caused the most evenly distributed h_c, ventilation equipment was suggested to be placed on the side of the infant's feet to reduce local discomfort. Based on the simulation results, empirical models of h_c were developed, which lay a solid theoretical foundation for further study on the interaction between infants and environments.

中文翻译：

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通风室内睡眠婴儿对流传热系数的数值研究

本研究旨在调查风速和风向对处于不同姿势的熟睡婴儿的对流传热的影响。开发了具有真实尺寸的虚拟婴儿模型的计算流体动力学 (CFD) 模型，以获得身体表面的对流传热系数 ( h _c ) 以及气流和温度分布。使用从婴儿热模型实验中收集的实验数据预先验证了数值模型。模拟结果表明，当风速从0.12到1 m/s变化时，婴儿的全身hc从4.00增加到15.73 W/m 2 ^· _{K 。}在通风条件下，婴儿比成人散热更快，约为 2 W/m ²_· K在静止空气中的hc比成人高，并且随着风速的增加，差异变大。来自地板的风产生的 hc 最高，在 1 m/s 的风速下比来自脚的风高大约 66.4 % _。考虑到脚部的风导致hc分布最均匀_，建议在婴儿脚侧放置通风设备，以减少局部不适。基于仿真结果，建立了hc的实证模型，为_进一步研究婴儿与环境的交互作用奠定了坚实的理论基础。