Oomycetes form a phylogenetically distinct group of eukaryotic microorganisms that include some of the most notorious pathogens of plants and animals. Through the deployment of a remarkably diverse array of effector proteins, oomycete pathogens succeed to overcome host defences and cause infection. Effectors can operate extracellularly or enter living cells where they target diverse subcellular compartments. Genome sequence information indicates that oomycetes express several hundred host-translocating effectors potentially targeting a myriad of host processes. To counteract, plants rely on a wide variety of extra- and intracellular immune receptors facilitating pattern-triggered and effector-triggered immunity, respectively. Similarly, effectors from animal pathogenic oomycetes also target host immune response pathways, which in turn causes the activation of the humoral and adaptive immune system. In this review, we compare plant and animal pathogenic oomycete effectors regarding their type, function, genetic diversity, as well as host responses.

卵菌形成了系统发育上不同的真核微生物群，其中包括一些最臭名昭著的植物和动物病原体。通过部署非常多样化的效应蛋白阵列，卵菌病原体成功地克服了宿主防御并引起感染。效应器可以在细胞外操作或进入活细胞，在那里它们靶向不同的亚细胞区室。基因组序列信息表明，卵菌表达了数百个可能针对无数宿主进程的宿主易位效应子。为了抵消，植物依赖于多种细胞外和细胞内免疫受体，分别促进模式触发和效应触发免疫。同样，来自动物致病性卵菌的效应物也靶向宿主免疫反应途径，这反过来会导致体液和适应性免疫系统的激活。在这篇综述中，我们比较了植物和动物致病性卵菌效应器的类型、功能、遗传多样性以及宿主反应。