The relation between religiousness and prejudice has been the topic of a large research literature, yet this was so far mostly limited to Western societies with a Christian heritage. Using global data from the 6th wave of the World Values Survey, this study compared the religiousness-prejudice relationship between adherents of monotheistic and non-monotheistic religions. Focusing on inter-religious prejudice we examined whether theological exclusivism moderated this relationship. Using multi-group structural equation modeling, no support was found for the expected divide between religious groups. Religious identity, belief, and practice each related differentially to prejudice across the religions. Exclusivism was more consistently negatively related to prejudice and moderated the relation with religious identity for Orthodox Christians and Buddhists. We conclude that religious attitudes or orientations (i.e., how people believe) are more important to understand prejudice towards religious others than religious traditions or multiple dimensions of religiosity (i.e., what and how strongly they believe).

宗教与偏见之间的关系一直是大量研究文献的主题，但迄今为止，这主要局限于具有基督教传统的西方社会。本研究利用第六次世界价值观调查的全球数据，比较了一神论和非一神论宗教信徒之间的宗教偏见关系。着眼于宗教间的偏见，我们研究了神学排他主义是否缓和了这种关系。使用多组结构方程模型，没有发现对宗教群体之间预期分歧的支持。宗教身份、信仰和实践每一个都与不同宗教的偏见相关。排他主义与偏见的负相关更为一致，并缓和了东正教基督徒和佛教徒与宗教身份的关系。我们得出的结论是，对于理解对宗教他人的偏见，宗教态度或取向（即人们如何相信）比宗教传统或宗教信仰的多个维度（即他们相信什么以及有多强烈）更重要。