The last decades have seen a rise in the use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) approaches to modulate brain activity and associated behavior. Concurrently, eye tracking (ET) technology has improved to allow more precise quantitative measurement of gaze behavior, offering a window into the mechanisms of vision and cognition. When combined, tDCS and ET provide a powerful system to probe brain function and measure the impact on visual function, leading to an increasing number of studies that utilize these techniques together. The current pre-registered, systematic review seeks to describe the literature that integrates these approaches with the goal of changing brain activity with tDCS and measuring associated changes in eye movements with ET. The literature search identified 26 articles that combined ET and tDCS in a probe-and-measure model and are systematically reviewed here. All studies implemented controlled interventional designs to address topics related to oculomotor control, cognitive processing, emotion regulation, or cravings in healthy volunteers and patient populations. Across these studies, active stimulation typically led to changes in the number, duration, and timing of fixations compared to control stimulation. Notably, half the studies addressed emotion regulation, each showing hypothesized effects of tDCS on ET metrics, while tDCS targeting the frontal cortex was widely used and also generally produced expected modulation of ET. This review reveals promising evidence of the impact of tDCS on eye movements and associated psychological function, offering a framework for effective designs with recommendations for future studies.

中文翻译：

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经颅直流电刺激对眼球运动和相关心理功能的系统评价

在过去的几十年中，使用经颅直流电刺激 (tDCS) 方法来调节大脑活动和相关行为的情况有所增加。同时，眼动追踪 (ET) 技术得到改进，可以更精确地定量测量注视行为，为了解视觉和认知机制提供了一个窗口。结合使用时，tDCS 和 ET 提供了一个强大的系统来探测大脑功能并测量对视觉功能的影响，从而导致越来越多的研究将这些技术结合在一起。当前的预注册系统评价旨在描述将这些方法与目标相结合的文献，目的是通过 tDCS 改变大脑活动，并通过 ET 测量眼球运动的相关变化。文献检索确定了 26 篇在探测测量模型中结合 ET 和 tDCS 的文章，并在此处进行了系统回顾。所有研究都实施了受控干预设计，以解决与健康志愿者和患者群体的动眼神经控制、认知处理、情绪调节或渴望相关的主题。在这些研究中，与控制刺激相比，主动刺激通常会导致注视的次数、持续时间和时间发生变化。值得注意的是，一半的研究涉及情绪调节，每项研究都显示了 tDCS 对 ET 指标的假设影响，而针对额叶皮层的 tDCS 被广泛使用，并且通常也会产生预期的 ET 调节。这篇综述揭示了 tDCS 对眼球运动和相关心理功能影响的有希望的证据，