Protein-based underwater adhesives of marine organisms exhibit extraordinary binding strength in high salinity based on utilizing a variety of molecular interaction mechanisms. These include acid-base interactions, bidentate bindings or complex hydrogen bonding interactions, and electrochemical manipulation of interfacial bonding. In this Perspective, we briefly review recent progress in the field, and we discuss how interfacial electrochemistry can vary interfacial forces by concerted tuning of surface charging, hydration forces, and tuning of the interfacial ion concentration. We further discuss open questions, controversial findings, and new paths into understanding and utilizing redox-proteins and derived polymers for enhancing underwater adhesion in a complex salt environment.

中文翻译：

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贻贝附着力：控制强水下附着力因素的基本观点

基于多种分子相互作用机制，基于蛋白质的海洋生物水下粘合剂在高盐度下表现出非凡的结合强度。这些包括酸碱相互作用、双齿结合或复杂的氢键相互作用，以及界面键合的电化学操作。在此观点中，我们简要回顾了该领域的最新进展，并讨论了界面电化学如何通过协调调整表面电荷、水合力和调整界面离子浓度来改变界面力。我们进一步讨论了开放性问题、有争议的发现以及理解和利用氧化还原蛋白和衍生聚合物以增强复杂盐环境中水下附着力的新途径。