The construction of antibacterial surfaces is an efficient way to respond to the problem of microbial contamination. In this review, we first describe the formation process and characteristics of microbial contamination and the current research status of antibacterial surfaces. Then, the passive antiadhesion, active killing, and combination construction strategies of the antibacterial surface are discussed in detail. Based on different antibacterial mechanisms and existing problems of current antibacterial strategies, we then discuss the future development trends of the next generation of antibacterial surfaces.

中文翻译：

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抗菌表面的构建策略及发展趋势

构建抗菌表面是应对微生物污染问题的有效途径。在这篇综述中，我们首先描述了微生物污染的形成过程和特征以及抗菌表面的研究现状。然后，详细讨论了抗菌表面的被动抗粘附、主动杀灭和组合构建策略。基于不同的抗菌机制和当前抗菌策略存在的问题，我们随后讨论了下一代抗菌表面的未来发展趋势。