Ships and maritime infrastructure are becoming increasingly interconnected as the maritime industry is undergoing the industry 4.0 revolution. This development is associated with novel risk types such as the increased potential for successful cyberattacks. Several review studies have investigated the regulatory framework in connection to maritime cybersecurity, the vulnerabilities in maritime systems, potential cyberattack scenarios, and risk assessment techniques. None of them though, has implemented a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis of the available academic research studies in the discipline of maritime cybersecurity. The aim of this review, therefore, is to offer a succinct description of the progress in academic research on the arising topic of maritime cybersecurity. To that end, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of maritime cybersecurity-related studies based on several metrics and analysis tools, identified the topics of academic research in this field, the employed methodologies and identified the main research challenges and directions in connection to maritime cybersecurity. To achieve the objectives, we employed principles from Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Metanalysis (PRISMA) for systematic literature review and tailored keywords during a search in Scopus. The results demonstrated that Norway, the United Kingdom, France and the USA are the leading countries in maritime cybersecurity based on the weighted number of authors. The results also demonstrated that the main research focus in the area was on the development or application of cybersecurity risk assessment techniques and the design of monitoring and intrusion detection tools for cyberattacks in maritime systems. Based on the analysed literature, 53 challenges in various studies were identified and 73 topics for future research were suggested.

随着海运业正在经历工业 4.0 革命，船舶和海事基础设施之间的联系越来越紧密。这种发展与新的风险类型有关，例如网络攻击成功的可能性增加。几项审查研究调查了与海事网络安全、海事系统中的漏洞、潜在的网络攻击场景和风险评估技术有关的监管框架。但是，他们都没有对海上网络安全学科中可用的学术研究进行系统的文献综述和文献计量分析。因此，本次审查的目的是简要描述海上网络安全这一新兴主题的学术研究进展。为此，我们基于多种指标和分析工具对海上网络安全相关研究进行了文献计量分析，确定了该领域的学术研究主题、采用的方法，并确定了与海上网络安全相关的主要研究挑战和方向。为实现这些目标，我们采用系统评价和荟萃分析首选报告项目 (PRISMA) 的原则进行系统文献评价，并在 Scopus 搜索期间定制关键字。结果表明，根据加权作者数，挪威、英国、法国和美国是海上网络安全领域的领先国家。结果还表明，该领域的主要研究重点是网络安全风险评估技术的开发或应用，以及针对海事系统网络攻击的监控和入侵检测工具的设计。根据分析的文献，确定了各种研究中的 53 个挑战，并提出了 73 个未来研究的主题。