Abstract

In settings of uncertainty and ambiguity, inequality and conflict, planners must be context-responsive and improvise. As yesterday’s routines fail to satisfy tomorrow’s demands, few prescriptive rules – no musical scores – dictate practitioners’ actions. Four cases from diverse settings show how planners can improvise “options analysis” by integrating moves of diagnosing value, leveraging expertise, and negotiating outcomes. Practitioners perform options analysis with stakeholders by deliberatively asking and answering distinct but related questions of what matters, what’s known, what they can do together. Options analysis specifies, deepens, and extends communicative and critical pragmatic planning theories, raising new research questions.

摘要

在不确定性和模糊性、不平等和冲突的环境中，规划者必须对环境做出反应并即兴发挥。由于昨天的例行公事不能满足明天的要求，很少有规定性规则——没有乐谱——来支配从业者的行为。来自不同环境的四个案例展示了规划者如何通过整合诊断价值、利用专业知识和谈判结果的举措来即兴进行“选择分析”。从业者通过审慎地询问和回答不同但相关的问题来与利益相关者一起进行选项分析，这些问题包括什么是重要的、什么是已知的、他们可以一起做什么。选项分析详细说明、深化和扩展了交际和批判性实用规划理论，提出了新的研究问题。