Nerves not only regulate the homeostasis and energetic metabolism of normal epithelial cells but also are critical for cancer, as cancer recapitulates the biology of neural regulation of epithelial tissues. Cancer cells rarely develop in denervated organs, and denervation affects tumorigenesis, in vivo and in humans. Axonogenesis occurs to supply the new malignant epithelial growth with nerves. Neurogenesis happens later, first in ganglia around organs or the spinal column and subsequently through recruitment of neuroblasts from the central nervous system. The hallmark of this stage is regulation of homeostasis and energetic metabolism. Perineural invasion is the most efficient interaction between cancer cells and nerves. The hallmark of this stage is increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis. Finally, carcinoma cells transdifferentiate into a neuronal profile in search of neural independence. The latter is the last stage in neuroepithelial interactions. Treatments for cancer must address the biology of neural regulation of cancer.

中文翻译：

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癌症中的神经上皮相互作用

神经不仅调节正常上皮细胞的稳态和能量代谢，而且对癌症也至关重要，因为癌症概括了上皮组织神经调节的生物学特性。癌细胞很少在去神经支配的器官中发育，并且去神经支配影响体内和人类的肿瘤发生。轴突发生为新的恶性上皮生长提供神经。神经发生随后发生，首先发生在器官或脊柱周围的神经节中，随后通过从中枢神经系统招募神经母细胞来发生。这一阶段的标志是体内平衡和能量代谢的调节。神经周围侵袭是癌细胞与神经之间最有效的相互作用。该阶段的标志是增殖增加和细胞凋亡减少。最后，癌细胞转分化为神经元形态以寻求神经独立性。后者是神经上皮相互作用的最后阶段。癌症治疗必须解决癌症神经调节的生物学问题。