Abstract:

This article analyzes Jac Weinstein's (1883–1976) sketches, poems, and songs written in Yiddish and Swedish during 1941–44, when Finland fought alongside Nazi Germany. While satirizing daily life and changing social norms among Finnish Jews, Weinstein's work dealt with the genocide of European Jewry—waged by Finland's de facto ally—and the horror of the war. Weinstein's work challenges postwar narratives that depicted Finnish Jews fighting a "separate war" and remaining largely unaware of and untouched by the Holocaust. This article draws on the wartime press and recent research on Jews in Finland to investigate how Weinstein negotiated the status of Finnish Jews as aligned with the Nazis on the one hand and aware of the Holocaust unfolding in Nazi occupied territories on the other. In addition to offering new perspectives on the experiences of Finnish Jews during the war, Weinstein's hitherto unknown sketches, poems, and songs, alongside photographs of his theater performances, display how belletristic sources and ephemera can contest the dominant postwar narrative that Finnish Jews did not know about the Holocaust.

摘要：

本文分析了 1941-44 年芬兰与纳粹德国并肩作战时，雅克·温斯坦 (Jac Weinstein) (1883-1976) 用意第绪语和瑞典语创作的素描、诗歌和歌曲。在讽刺芬兰犹太人的日常生活和改变社会规范的同时，温斯坦的作品处理了由芬兰事实上的盟友发动的欧洲犹太人的种族灭绝以及战争的恐怖。温斯坦的作品挑战了战后叙事，这些叙事描绘了芬兰犹太人在进行一场“单独的战争”，并且在很大程度上没有意识到大屠杀，也没有受到影响。本文利用战时媒体和最近对芬兰犹太人的研究，调查温斯坦如何一方面通过谈判使芬兰犹太人与纳粹结盟，另一方面意识到大屠杀在纳粹占领的领土上展开。