Biotic and abiotic factors have an effect on rice production all around the world. Diseases are regarded as major restrictions among the biotic stressors, and rice sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani Kühn) is one of the most calamitous diseases that significantly damage the crop. Lately, biocontrol of fungal plant pathogens has appeared as an appealing approach. The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate different biocontrol agents like Talaromyces flavus, Chaetomium globosum, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Aspergillus niger against sheath blight disease. Prior to sowing, seeds were bioprimed with each isolate and sown in the nursery. After 21 days, seedlings were transplanted in-vivo and were inoculated with a virulent isolate of Rhizoctonia solani at maximum tillering stage. Observations on biochemical parameters and gene expression studies were carried out at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hpi. Enzymatic activity viz., chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, catalase, and PAL was observed maximum in Chaetomium globosum. PR-genes viz.,IPT, BrD, HmPr, AMP, AldD, NIC and LisH showed up-regulation at 96 hpi. Chaetomium globosum had the highest yield, maximum number of tillers with least relative lesion height (RLH%) as compared to other treatments. However, results indicated biocontrol agents are helpful and they induce multitude of defence responses against R. solani in rice.

中文翻译：

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利用真菌生物防治剂对抗水稻纹枯病可以深入了解它们在植物防御反应中的作用

生物和非生物因素对世界各地的水稻生产都有影响。疾病被认为是生物胁迫中的主要限制因素，水稻纹枯病（Rhizoctonia solani Kühn）是严重损害作物的最严重的疾病之一。最近，真菌植物病原体的生物防治已成为一种有吸引力的方法。本研究旨在评估不同的生物防治剂，如 Talaromyces flavus、球毛壳菌、荧光假单胞菌和黑曲霉对纹枯病的防治。在播种之前，用每种分离物对种子进行生物引发并播种在苗圃中。21天后，将幼苗移植到体内，并在最大分蘖期接种立枯丝核菌的毒力分离物。在 24、48、72 和 96 hpi 进行生化参数观察和基因表达研究。酶活性即几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶、过氧化氢酶和 PAL 在球毛壳菌中观察到最大。PR 基因即 IPT、BrD、HmPr、AMP、AldD、NIC 和 LisH 在 96 hpi 时显示上调。与其他处理相比，球毛壳菌具有最高的产量、最大的分蘖数和最小的相对病斑高度（RLH%）。然而，结果表明生物防治剂是有帮助的，它们在水稻中诱导了多种针对 R. solani 的防御反应。与其他处理相比，球毛壳菌具有最高的产量、最大的分蘖数和最小的相对病斑高度（RLH%）。然而，结果表明生物防治剂是有帮助的，它们在水稻中诱导了多种针对 R. solani 的防御反应。与其他处理相比，球毛壳菌具有最高的产量、最大的分蘖数和最小的相对病斑高度（RLH%）。然而，结果表明生物防治剂是有帮助的，它们在水稻中诱导了多种针对 R. solani 的防御反应。