Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) is produced from cellulose, which is one of the most abundant and renewable biomasses in nature. We previously demonstrated that covering soybean leaves with CNF changed leaf surface hydrophobicity and confers resistance against Phakopsora pachyrhizi, causal fungi of Asian soybean rust. However, whether CNF also suppresses bacterial disease has not been investigated. Therefore, we here investigated CNF application on management of bacterial blight disease caused by Pseudomonas cannabina pv. alisalensis (Pcal), which is one of the problematic bacterial diseases. CNF-treated leaves showed reduced disease symptoms and bacterial populations after spray-inoculation, but not after syringe-inoculation. These results indicate that covering cabbage leaves with CNF confers resistance before Pcal enters plants. We also demonstrated that bacterial virulence-related genes, including type three effectors-encoding, coronatine biosynthesis, and flagellin-related genes, were down-regulated on the CNF-treated leaf surfaces. Moreover, bacterial entry on CNF-treated leaves was significantly reduced. We also showed that flagellin (FliC) contributes to motility, bacterial entry, and disease development during Pcal infection. These results indicate that covering with CNF decreases flagellar motility and bacterial entry, leading to reduction of disease development. Thus, altering the leaf surface properties can change bacterial behaviors. Together, CNF has a potential to be a novel and efficient agent for controlling bacterial disease.

纤维素纳米纤维 (CNF) 由纤维素制成，纤维素是自然界中最丰富和可再生的生物质之一。我们之前证明，用 CNF 覆盖大豆叶片会改变叶片表面疏水性并赋予对亚洲大豆锈病致病真菌Phakopsora pachyrhizi的抗性。然而，尚未研究 CNF 是否也抑制细菌性疾病。因此，我们在此研究了 CNF 在管理由大麻假单胞菌引起的细菌性枯萎病方面的应用。芡实（Pcal)，这是有问题的细菌性疾病之一。CNF 处理的叶子在喷雾接种后显示出疾病症状和细菌数量减少，但在注射器接种后没有。这些结果表明，在Pcal进入植物之前，用 CNF 覆盖卷心菜叶子会赋予抗性。我们还证明了细菌毒力相关基因，包括 3 型效应子编码、冠状素生物合成和鞭毛蛋白相关基因，在 CNF 处理的叶表面上被下调。此外，CNF 处理的叶子上的细菌进入显着减少。我们还发现鞭毛蛋白 (FliC) 在Pcal期间有助于运动、细菌进入和疾病发展感染。这些结果表明，用 CNF 覆盖会降低鞭毛运动和细菌进入，从而减少疾病的发展。因此，改变叶片表面特性可以改变细菌行为。总之，CNF 有可能成为控制细菌性疾病的新型有效药物。