Introduction: Recently, several mindfulness-based programs showed promising clinical effects in the treatment of psychiatric disorders including substance use disorders. However, very little is known about the effects of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) on brain structure in such patients. Methods: This study aimed to detect changes in gray matter volume (GMV) in opioid-dependent patients receiving MBI during their first month of treatment. Thirty patients were assigned to either 3 weeks of MBI (n = 16) or treatment as usual (TAU, n = 14) and were investigated using structural magnetic resonance imaging before and after treatment. Longitudinal pipeline of the Computational Anatomy Toolbox for SPM (CAT12) was used to detect significant treatment-related changes over time. The identified GMV changes following treatment were related to clinically relevant measures such as impulsivity, distress tolerance, and mindfulness. Results: After treatment, increased mindfulness scores were found in individuals receiving MBI compared to TAU. In the MBI group, there were also significant differences with respect to distress tolerance and impulsivity. Effects on mindfulness, distress tolerance, and impulsivity were also found in the TAU group. Longitudinal within-group analysis revealed increased left anterior insula GMV in individuals receiving MBI. Anterior insula volume increase was associated with decreased impulsivity levels. In the TAU group, significant GMV changes were found in the right lingual gyrus and right entorhinal cortex. Discussion/Conclusion: MBI can yield significant clinical effects during early abstinence from opioid dependence. MBI is particularly associated with increased insula GMV, supporting an important role of this region in the context of MBI-induced neural changes.
Neuropsychobiology

中文翻译：

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基于正念的干预对阿片类药物依赖患者灰质体积的影响

简介：最近，一些基于正念的计划在治疗包括物质使用障碍在内的精神疾病方面显示出有希望的临床效果。然而，关于正念干预 (MBI) 对此类患者大脑结构的影响知之甚少。方法：本研究旨在检测接受 MBI 的阿片类药物依赖患者在治疗的第一个月内灰质体积 (GMV) 的变化。30 名患者被分配到 3 周的 MBI（ n = 16）或照常治疗（TAU， n= 14）并在治疗前后使用结构磁共振成像进行了调查。SPM 计算解剖工具箱 (CAT12) 的纵向管道用于检测与治疗相关的显着变化。治疗后确定的 GMV 变化与临床相关措施有关，例如冲动性、痛苦耐受性和正念。结果：治疗后，与 TAU 相比，接受 MBI 的个体的正念分数增加。在 MBI 组中，在痛苦耐受性和冲动性方面也存在显着差异。在 TAU 组中也发现了对正念、痛苦耐受性和冲动性的影响。纵向组内分析显示，接受 MBI 的个体左前岛 GMV 增加。前岛叶体积增加与冲动水平降低有关。在 TAU 组中，右侧舌回和右侧内嗅皮层的 GMV 发生显着变化。讨论/结论：MBI 可以在早期戒断阿片类药物依赖期间产生显着的临床效果。MBI 特别与增加的岛叶 GMV 相关，支持该区域在 MBI 诱导的神经变化的背景下的重要作用。
神经心理生物学