The present study uses variationist sociolinguistic methods to examine the intensifier system in Oslo Norwegian. Results indicate that both linguistic and social factors influence intensifier use. Predicative adjectives were intensified more frequently than attributive adjectives, women used intensifiers more frequently than men, and younger speakers had higher intensification rates than older speakers. Apparent time analyses also reveal a change in progress toward the use of skikkelig ‘proper’, a change led predominantly by young women. Although veldig ‘very’ was the most frequently used intensifier, its use decreases in apparent time, whereas skikkelig increases in frequency among younger speakers. The development of the intensifier skikkelig appears to follow a common pathway of change from adjective to manner adjunct to degree adverb, as well as from appropriateness to intensification. Comparisons with work on English, German, and Norwegian reveal several crosslinguistic tendencies about the linguistic and social conditioning of intensifiers. This study provides the first variationist sociolinguistic analysis of intensifiers in Oslo Norwegian; it provides support for several crosslinguistic claims about intensifier use; and it contributes to the visibility of variationist sociolinguistic work in the study of Norwegian variation and change.

中文翻译：

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奥斯陆挪威语强化词的变体社会语言学分析

本研究使用变异社会语言学方法来检验奥斯陆挪威语中的强化词系统。结果表明，语言和社会因素都会影响增强词的使用。谓语形容词比定语形容词更频繁地被强化，女性比男性更频繁地使用强化词，年轻的说话者比年长的说话者有更高的强化率。表观时间分析还揭示了使用skikkelig'proper'，一个主要由年轻女性主导的变化。虽然维尔迪格“very”是最常用的增强词，它的使用在表观时间上减少，而skikkelig年轻演讲者的频率增加。增压器的发展skikkelig似乎遵循从形容词到方式附加词再到程度副词以及从适当性到强化的共同变化路径。与英语、德语和挪威语的比较揭示了关于增强词的语言和社会条件的几种跨语言倾向。这项研究首次对奥斯陆挪威语中的强化词进行了变体社会语言学分析；它为关于增强词使用的几种跨语言声明提供了支持；它有助于在挪威的变异和变化研究中提高变异社会语言学工作的知名度。