Peirce’s Pheme directs interpretation of narratives via a “series of surprises” (ep2:154). The indexical and iconic elements inherent in Phemes are particularly potent in forcing attention and depicting relevant events. Index intrudes upon interpreters’ consciousness to notice the unexpected consequence; but icons exploit vividness. As imperatives, Phemes compel particular behaviors (1906: ms295). When narratives are portrayed in pictures, interpreters remember happenings in which Phemes feature surprising percepts, evoking an attentional response, and securing a confluence of events in memory. Findings from children’s narrations demonstrate that events represented by Phemes are more often included in children’s retellings, because surprising images command active participation. This viewpoint impels listeners to build episodes, ascribing meanings across events, and proposing rationale for novel outcomes.

中文翻译：

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皮尔士语素在叙事语境中的运作

Peirce 的 Pheme 通过“一系列惊喜”指导对叙事的解释（EP2:154)。Phemes 中固有的索引和标志性元素在引起注意和描述相关事件方面特别有效。索引侵入口译员的意识以注意到意想不到的结果；但是图标利用了生动性。作为命令式，Phemes 强制特定行为（1906：多发性硬化症295). 当在图片中描绘叙述时，口译员会记住发生的事情，在这些事情中，Phemes 具有令人惊讶的感知，引起注意反应，并确保记忆中的事件汇合。儿童叙述的结果表明，Phemes 所代表的事件更多地包含在儿童的复述中，因为令人惊讶的图像需要积极参与。这种观点促使听众构建情节，赋予事件的意义，并提出新结果的基本原理。