Introduction
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) contribute to the innate immune system. They are an element of non-specific immunity, which enables organisms to react quickly to foreign antigens, without being previously exposed to them. TLRs are pattern recognition receptors. TLR gene polymorphisms are widely investigated in connection with various infections. The aims of the study were: to investigate the role of TLR2 and TLR4 polymorphisms in the course of urinary tract infections (UTIs); to test for differences in distribution of these polymorphisms between children with urinary tract malformations suffering from recurrent UTI (rUTI), children with malformations but without rUTI and healthy controls; to determine whether these polymorphisms predispose to rUTI; and to analyse how polymorphisms and urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) concentrations affect one another.

Material and methods
The group consisted of 133 children (1-18 years old), 68 female and 65 male. The group was divided into 4 subgroups: A (rUTI with urinary tract malformations), B (urinary tract malformations without rUTI), C (rUTI) and D (healthy controls). Polymorphisms were analysed using PCR-RFLP. IL-8 and NGAL urine concentrations were established using immunoenzymatic methods.

Results
TLR2 Arg753Gln and TLR4 Arg299Gly appeared significantly more often among children with rUTI. No correlation between urine IL-8 and urine NGAL and polymorphisms was found. Urine NGAL concentration was significantly higher among children with urinary tract malformations.

Conclusions
TLR2 Arg753Gln and TLR4 Asp299Gly may predispose to rUTI. Urine NGAL concentration suggests the presence of kidney tissue injury, of varying degrees, among children with urinary tract malformations.



中文翻译：

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Toll样受体（TLR2、TLR4）多态性及其对伴或不伴尿路畸形患儿尿路感染发生率的影响

介绍
Toll 样受体 (TLR) 有助于先天免疫系统。它们是非特异性免疫的一个组成部分，使生物体能够对外来抗原做出快速反应，而无需事先接触到它们。TLR 是模式识别受体。TLR 基因多态性被广泛研究与各种感染有关。该研究的目的是： 调查 TLR2 和 TLR4 多态性在尿路感染 (UTI) 过程中的作用；测试这些多态性在患有复发性 UTI (rUTI) 的尿路畸形儿童、有畸形但没有 rUTI 的儿童和健康对照之间的分布差异；确定这些多态性是否易患 rUTI；

材料与方法
本组共133名儿童（1-18岁），女性68名，男性65名。该组分为 4 个亚组：A（伴有尿路畸形的 rUTI）、B（无 rUTI 的泌尿道畸形）、C（rUTI）和 D（健康对照）。使用 PCR-RFLP 分析多态性。使用免疫酶法确定 IL-8 和 NGAL 尿液浓度。

结果
TLR2 Arg753Gln 和 TLR4 Arg299Gly 在 rUTI 患儿中出现的频率明显更高。未发现尿液 IL-8 和尿液 NGAL 与多态性之间存在相关性。泌尿道畸形儿童的尿液 NGAL 浓度显着升高。

结论
TLR2 Arg753Gln 和 TLR4 Asp299Gly 可能易患 rUTI。尿液 NGAL 浓度表明，患有尿路畸形的儿童存在不同程度的肾组织损伤。