Humanitarian and development agencies intervening in Latin American cities increasingly face the challenge posed by criminal armed groups (CAGs). Yet, there is a need for evidence-based comparative studies on how international agencies deal with them. Drawing on data collected in Colombia, El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, and Mexico, this paper presents a novel typology of humanitarian organisations' access strategies that distinguishes between different levels of interaction with CAGs. The paper shows how humanitarian agencies assess a variety of risks and balance the potential consequences of their engagement with CAGs with the need to maintain constructive and trustful relationships with the state and the community with which they work. It finds that indirect dialogue or negotiation with CAGs via community leaders who act as intermediaries might provide a low-risk alternative to direct negotiation with CAG leaders, provided that ‘do no harm’ and humanitarian protection considerations vis-à-vis communities and intermediaries play a central role.

中文翻译：

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与拉丁美洲城市犯罪武装团体谈判人道主义空间

干预拉丁美洲城市的人道主义和发展机构越来越多地面临犯罪武装团体 (CAG) 带来的挑战。然而，需要对国际机构如何处理它们进行基于证据的比较研究。本文利用在哥伦比亚、萨尔瓦多、海地、洪都拉斯和墨西哥收集的数据，提出了一种新的人道主义组织准入策略类型学，区分了与 CAG 互动的不同层次。该文件展示了人道主义机构如何评估各种风险，并平衡他们与 CAG 接触的潜在后果与与他们工作的国家和社区保持建设性和信任关系的需要。