Ubiquitous associations have been detected between different types of childhood psychopathology and polygenic risk scores based on adult psychiatric disorders and related adult outcomes, indicating that genetic factors partly explain the association between childhood psychopathology and adult outcomes. However, these analyses in general do not take into account the correlations between the adult trait and disorder polygenic risk scores. This study aimed to further clarify the influence of genetic factors on associations between childhood psychopathology and adult outcomes by accounting for these correlations. Using a multivariate multivariable regression, we analyzed associations of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), internalizing, and social problems, with polygenic scores (PGS) of adult disorders and traits including major depression, bipolar disorder, subjective well-being, neuroticism, insomnia, educational attainment, and body mass index (BMI), derived for 20,539 children aged 8.5–10.5 years. After correcting for correlations between the adult phenotypes, major depression PGS were associated with all three childhood traits, that is, ADHD, internalizing, and social problems. In addition, BMI PGS were associated with ADHD symptoms and social problems, while neuroticism PGS were only associated with internalizing problems and educational attainment PGS were only associated with ADHD symptoms. PGS of bipolar disorder, subjective well-being, and insomnia were not associated with any childhood traits. Our findings suggest that associations between childhood psychopathology and adult traits like insomnia and subjective well-being may be primarily driven by genetic factors that influence adult major depression. Additionally, specific childhood phenotypes are genetically associated with educational attainment, BMI and neuroticism.

中文翻译：

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儿童精神病理学与成人情绪障碍及相关特征之间分子遗传关联的多变量分析

不同类型的儿童精神病理学与基于成人精神疾病和相关成人结局的多基因风险评分之间已发现普遍存在的关联，表明遗传因素部分解释了儿童精神病理学与成人结局之间的关联。然而，这些分析通常没有考虑成人特征与疾病多基因风险评分之间的相关性。本研究旨在通过解释这些相关性，进一步阐明遗传因素对儿童精神病理学与成人结果之间关联的影响。使用多变量回归，我们分析了儿童注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）、内化和社会问题与成人疾病和特征的多基因评分（PGS）的关联，包括重度抑郁症、双相情感障碍、主观幸福感、神经质、失眠、教育程度和体重指数 (BMI)，针对 20,539 名 8.5-10.5 岁儿童得出。在校正成人表型之间的相关性后，重度抑郁症 PGS 与所有三个童年特征相关，即 ADHD、内化和社会问题。此外，BMI PGS 与 ADHD 症状和社交问题相关，而神经质 PGS 仅与内化问题相关，教育程度 PGS 仅与 ADHD 症状相关。双相情感障碍、主观幸福感和失眠的 PGS 与任何童年特征无关。我们的研究结果表明，儿童精神病理学与成人特征（如失眠和主观幸福感）之间的关联可能主要是由影响成人重度抑郁症的遗传因素驱动的。此外，特定的儿童表型在遗传上与教育程度、体重指数和神经质有关。