Recent studies have noted an increasing number of Kawasaki-like cases in the pediatric population following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In the literature, the condition is described as multiple inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) or pediatric inflammatory syndrome (PIMS). A similar clinical course of Kawasaki disease (KD) and MIS-C causes difficulties in distinguishing between both conditions. However, the differential diagnosis is crucial since patients with MIS-C can present severe symptoms (myocardial dysfunction, fever, mucocutaneous symptoms) and require more extensive monitoring during treatment than children diagnosed with KD. Along with assessing epidemiological and genetic factors, it is imperative to estimate the risk of developing MIS-C in KD patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Genetic predispositions, such as the ITPKC gene polymorphism in KD, ACE deletion (D) polymorphism in SARS-CoV-2, and inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) in MIS-C affect the regulation of immune system complex clearances and cellular adaptations. The virus has a tropism for both vascular and respiratory cells, which further causes additional symptoms necessitating standard therapy with antithrombotic treatment. The diagnostic criteria for KD, MIS-C, and SARS-CoV-2 help differentiate each condition and optimize treatment strategies. Unfortunately, long-term outcomes in KD patients who develop MIS-C due to SARS-CoV-2 infection have been inadequately documented due to the timing of the pandemic, further displaying the need for longitudinal studies in these patients. This review underlines the differences in diagnosis and treatment of KD and MIS-C. Overall, children with KD may develop MIS-C in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but further research is needed to outline specific etiologies, prognostic factors, and diagnoses.

最近的研究指出，在严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 感染后，儿科人群中川崎样病例的数量不断增加。在文献中，该病症被描述为儿童多发性炎症综合征 (MIS-C) 或小儿炎症综合征 (PIMS)。川崎病 (KD) 和 MIS-C 的相似临床过程导致难以区分这两种情况。然而，鉴别诊断至关重要，因为 MIS-C 患者可能表现出严重的症状（心肌功能障碍、发热、皮肤粘膜症状），并且在治疗期间需要比诊断为 KD 的儿童更广泛的监测。除了评估流行病学和遗传因素外，还必须评估已确诊感染 SARS-CoV-2 的 KD 患者发生 MIS-C 的风险。ITPKCKD 中的基因多态性、SARS-CoV-2 中的 ACE 缺失 (D) 多态性以及 MIS-C 中的先天性免疫错误 (IEI) 影响免疫系统复合物清除和细胞适应的调节。该病毒对血管和呼吸细胞都有趋向性，这会进一步引起额外的症状，需要使用抗血栓治疗进行标准治疗。KD、MIS-C 和 SARS-CoV-2 的诊断标准有助于区分每种情况并优化治疗策略。不幸的是，由于大流行的时间，由于 SARS-CoV-2 感染而发展为 MIS-C 的 KD 患者的长期结果没有得到充分记录，这进一步表明需要对这些患者进行纵向研究。这篇综述强调了 KD 和 MIS-C 在诊断和治疗方面的差异。全面的，