Burnout refers to a work-related state of exhaustion and a sense of cynicism. In contrast, work engagement is a positive motivational state of vigor, dedication, and absorption. In this article, we discuss the concepts of burnout and work engagement and review their antecedents and consequences. We look back at our inaugural Annual Reviews article ( Bakker et al. 2014 ) and highlight new empirical findings and theoretical innovations in relationship to job demands–resources (JD-R) theory. We discuss four major innovations of the past decade, namely ( a) the person × situation approach of JD-R, ( b) multilevel JD-R theory, ( c) new proactive approaches in JD-R theory, and ( d) the work–home resources model. After discussing practical implications, we elaborate on more opportunities for future research, including JD-R interventions, team-level approaches, and demands and resources from other life domains.

中文翻译：

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工作需求-资源理论：十年后

倦怠是指与工作相关的疲惫状态和愤世嫉俗感。相比之下，工作投入是一种充满活力、奉献精神和全神贯注的积极激励状态。在本文中，我们讨论倦怠和工作投入的概念，并回顾它们的前因和后果。我们回顾了我们的首篇年度评论文章（Bakker et al. 2014），并强调了与工作需求-资源（JD-R）理论相关的新的实证研究结果和理论创新。我们讨论了过去十年的四个主要创新，即（a）JD-R的人×情境方法，（b）多层次JD-R理论，（c）JD-R理论中的新主动方法，以及（d）工作-家庭资源模型。在讨论实际影响后，我们详细阐述了未来研究的更多机会，包括 JD-R 干预、团队层面的方法以及来自其他生活领域的需求和资源。