The 36km haul road for the TengizChevroil future growth project in western Kazakhstan provided a unique opportunity to examine the dynamic effect of heavy traffic loading on earthworks. The haul road was constructed to facilitate transport of 252 partially constructed module units from a purpose-built terminal in the Caspian Sea. The ground underlying the haul road comprises recent, predominantly granular deposits with palaeo-channels of very soft cohesive material up to 4 m thick. The module units, weighing up to 2300 t, were transported on multi-wheeled trailers imparting a maximum distributed ground bearing pressure of 80 kN/m². All areas underlain by soft cohesive soils were not treated, but a budget allocated for maintenance during operation of the road. The haul road was designed using quasi-static loading with checks using limit equilibrium and finite-element methods. The construction programme allowed instrumentation installed during the ground investigation to be used to complete a dynamic embankment trial to monitor settlement and pore-water pressure response in the underlying soils, which was supplemented by further monitoring during haul road operation. The monitoring indicated that adoption of the quasi-static approach for traffic loading does not realistically reflect short-duration dynamic loading on earthworks and that the quasi-static approach is highly conservative when applied to moving loads.

中文翻译：

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哈萨克斯坦 TengizChevroil 未来增长项目——临时运输道路的设计

哈萨克斯坦西部 TengizChevroil 未来增长项目的 36 公里运输道路提供了一个独特的机会来检查重型交通负荷对土方工程的动态影响。运输道路的建造是为了方便从里海的一个专用码头运输 252 个部分建造的模块单元。运输道路下面的地面包括最近的、主要是颗粒状的沉积物，以及厚达 4 m 的非常软的粘性材料的古河道。重达 2300 吨的模块单元通过多轮拖车运输，最大分布地面承载压力为 80 kN/m ². 所有被软粘性土壤覆盖的区域都没有进行处理，而是在道路运营期间分配了用于维护的预算。运输道路采用准静态加载设计，并使用极限平衡和有限元方法进行检查。施工计划允许在地面调查期间安装的仪器用于完成动态路堤试验，以监测下层土壤中的沉降和孔隙水压力响应，并在运输道路运营期间进一步监测作为补充。监测表明，采用准静态方法进行交通荷载并不能真实地反映土方工程的短期动态荷载，并且准静态方法在应用于移动荷载时非常保守。