In this paper, I outline a grammar of lifting (i.e., resistance training) and compare it to that of language. I approach lifting as a system of generating complex meaning–form correspondences from regularized elements and describe the levels of mental representations and relationships between them that are involved in full command of this system. To be able to do so, I adopt a goal-based conception of meaning, which allows us to talk about mappings from complex goals to complex surface outputs in systems of intentional action, signaling and non-signaling, interactive and non-interactive, in a unified way, and show how it applies in lifting. I then proceed to argue that the grammar of lifting is architecturally very similar to that of language. First, I show that both involve stable (idiomatized/lexicalized) pairings of regularized forms with regularized meanings. Second, I argue that in both lifting and language, meaning–form mapping is mediated by syntax, which, crucially, operates on non-linearized hierarchical structures of abstract objects that include both content morphemes and functional morphemes. I conclude, following and expanding on some insights from prior literature and offering further evidence for them, that neither of these architectural phenomena (idiomatized meaning–form pairings and abstract syntax) is specific to language, with both of them likely emerging in skilled action that does not necessarily involve social interaction, due to considerations of repeatability and reusability of elements in new contexts.

在本文中，我概述了举重（即阻力训练）的语法并将其与语言的语法进行比较。我将提升作为一个系统来处理，该系统从规则化元素中生成复杂的意义-形式对应关系，并描述了完全控制该系统所涉及的心理表征水平和它们之间的关系。为了能够做到这一点，我采用了基于目标的意义概念，这使我们能够讨论从复杂目标到有意行动、信号和非信号、交互和非交互系统中复杂表面输出的映射，在一种统一的方式，并展示它如何应用于提升。然后我继续论证提升的语法在结构上与语言的语法非常相似。第一的，我证明两者都涉及具有规则化含义的规则化形式的稳定（惯用化/词汇化）配对。其次，我认为在提升和语言中，意义-形式映射都是由句法介导的，句法至关重要，在抽象对象的非线性层次结构上运行，包括内容语素和功能语素。我的结论是，遵循并扩展先前文献中的一些见解并为它们提供进一步的证据，这些建筑现象（惯用的意义-形式配对和抽象句法）都不是特定于语言的，它们都可能出现在熟练的动作中由于考虑到元素在新上下文中的可重复性和可重用性，因此不一定涉及社交互动。意义-形式映射由句法介导，最重要的是，句法对包含内容语素和功能语素的抽象对象的非线性层次结构进行操作。我的结论是，遵循并扩展先前文献中的一些见解并为它们提供进一步的证据，这些建筑现象（惯用的意义-形式配对和抽象句法）都不是特定于语言的，它们都可能出现在熟练的动作中由于考虑到元素在新上下文中的可重复性和可重用性，因此不一定涉及社交互动。意义-形式映射由句法介导，最重要的是，句法对包含内容语素和功能语素的抽象对象的非线性层次结构进行操作。我的结论是，遵循并扩展先前文献中的一些见解并为它们提供进一步的证据，这些建筑现象（惯用的意义-形式配对和抽象句法）都不是特定于语言的，它们都可能出现在熟练的动作中由于考虑到元素在新上下文中的可重复性和可重用性，因此不一定涉及社交互动。