Usage-based approaches to additional-language acquisition have identified numerous determinants of language learning, two of which were the focus of our study: frequency and cue contingency. Specifically, we examined how an immersion experience may impact sensitivity to these two determinants as reflected in the production of 4,808 pairs of nouns (N) and adjectives (ADJ) by 50 anglophone learners of Spanish and French. We analyzed the use of N/ADJ combinations using mixed linear regressions for frequency and two measures of delta P, a unidirectional measure of lexical association strength reflecting cue contingency. In all three models, we explored the impact of time and four additional variables: task, initial proficiency, target language, and phraseological unit. Our analysis revealed stasis over time. Additionally, our analysis revealed phraseological unit, task, and target language each to be significant in at least one model; initial proficiency did not contribute to significantly predicting phraseological use.

中文翻译：

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在国外逗留期间的短语使用和发展：探索对频率和提示偶然性的敏感性

基于使用的额外语言习得方法已经确定了许多语言学习的决定因素，其中两个是我们研究的重点：频率和提示偶然性。具体来说，我们研究了沉浸体验如何影响对这两个决定因素的敏感性，这反映在 50 名西班牙语和法语的英语学习者生成的 4,808 对名词 (N) 和形容词 (ADJ) 中。我们分析了 N/ADJ 组合的使用，使用频率的混合线性回归和 delta P 的两个测量值，delta P 是反映提示偶然性的词汇关联强度的单向测量值。在所有三个模型中，我们探索了时间和四个附加变量的影响：任务、初始熟练程度、目标语言和短语单元。我们的分析显示随着时间的推移停滞不前。此外，我们的分析表明，短语单位、任务和目标语言在至少一个模型中都具有重要意义；最初的熟练程度对显着预测措辞使用没有帮助。