Scholars and negotiators often assert that model treaty texts published by international institutions (IIs) shape investment treaty design. This paper empirically investigates the reuse of international institutions’ treaty templates. It tracks the imprint of six international institution templates on the text of negotiated international investment agreements (IIAs) using the Electronic Database of Investment Treaties. We find that the overall impact of international institution models has been low. No international investment agreement in our dataset was copied from an international institution’s model wholesale. On average, annual similarity between model texts and negotiated investment treaties is lower than 40% and significantly lower than the influence of international institutions’ models in the structurally similar international tax treaty regime. However, we do find evidence of an impact of international institutions' language on specific salient clauses. For example, the text of key investment protection clauses in the 1967 Draft Convention of the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development was reproduced in hundreds of international investment agreements and novel clauses on investor responsibility first introduced in the 2006 International Institute for Sustainable Development model have subsequently been copied verbatim into negotiated international investment agreements. Our work concludes by discussing explanations for the comparatively low imprint of international institutions, notes other pathways for these institutions to influence treaty design, and sketches out an agenda for future research.

中文翻译：

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主要表演还是杂耍？国际机构的协议范本及其在投资条约文本中的再利用

学者和谈判者经常断言，国际机构 (IIs) 发布的示范条约文本影响了投资条约的设计。本文实证研究了国际机构条约模板的重用。它使用投资条约电子数据库跟踪六个国际机构模板在谈判的国际投资协定 (IIA) 文本上的印记。我们发现国际制度模型的整体影响一直很低。我们数据集中没有国际投资协议是从国际机构的模型批发复制而来的。一般，示范文本与商定投资协定的年度相似度低于 40%，显着低于国际机构模型在结构相似的国际税收协定制度中的影响力。然而，我们确实找到了国际机构语言对特定重要条款产生影响的证据。例如，1967 年经济合作与发展组织公约草案中的关键投资保护条款文本被复制到数百个国际投资协定中，而 2006 年国际可持续发展研究所模式中首次引入的投资者责任新条款随后也被采用被逐字复制到谈判的国际投资协定中。