ABSTRACT

This essay investigates the choices made by the Turkish political leadership at three crucial moments in the history of Turkey between World War I and the Cold War. It asks the question if viable alternatives to the chosen route were available, and to what extent the choices made reflected international developments of the time. The episodes looked at are the establishment of a nation-state and of a republic (two separate issues) in 1920–23, the turn towards authoritarianism during the World Crisis (1930–32) and the transition to multi-party democracy in 1945–50.

中文翻译：

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现代土耳其政治发展的三个转折点

摘要

本文探讨了土耳其政治领导层在第一次世界大战和冷战之间土耳其历史上三个关键时刻做出的选择。它提出的问题是，所选路线是否有可行的替代方案，以及所做的选择在多大程度上反映了当时的国际发展。所研究的事件是 1920-23 年民族国家和共和国的建立（两个独立的问题）、世界危机期间（1930-32 年）向威权主义的转变以及 1945 年向多党民主的过渡。 50.