Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show heterogeneous language profiles beyond early language delays. Understanding the second language profiles of bilingual children with ASD is important for clinical practice in diverse societies. Accordingly, we examined the narrative abilities of bilinguals with ASD, with developmental language disorder (DLD), and with typical development (TD) to determine which narrative components best differentiate bilinguals with ASD from the other groups. Participants were 29 bilingual children with ASD, DLD, and TD who were matched for age (mean = 6;8), nonverbal intelligence, and receptive vocabulary. Narratives were coded for macrostructure (story grammar (SG) scores, number of individual SG components) and microstructure (syntactic complexity, mean length of utterance, lexical diversity, and story length). The TD group had superior SG scores, included more SG components, and used longer utterances and more complex syntax than the ASD group, whereas no differences were found between the clinical groups. For SG components requiring perspective-taking abilities, the ASD group had worse performance than the TD and DLD groups. Our results suggest that bilingual children with ASD show weaknesses in both macrostructure and microstructure, which can overlap with children with DLD. The linguistic profiles of bilingual children with ASD and DLD are thus both overlapping and distinct.

中文翻译：

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自闭症谱系障碍双语儿童的叙事宏观结构和微观结构概况：与发育性语言障碍和典型发育双语儿童的区别

患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的儿童表现出超越早期语言延迟的异质语言特征。了解患有 ASD 的双语儿童的第二语言概况对于不同社会的临床实践很重要。因此，我们检查了患有 ASD、发育性语言障碍 (DLD) 和典型发育 (TD) 的双语者的叙述能力，以确定哪些叙述成分最能将患有 ASD 的双语者与其他群体区分开来。参与者是 29 名患有 ASD、DLD 和 TD 的双语儿童，他们在年龄（平均 = 6;8）、非语言智力和接受性词汇方面相匹配。叙事根据宏观结构（故事语法 (SG) 分数、单个 SG 组件的数量）和微观结构（句法复杂性、平均话语长度、词汇多样性和故事长度）进行编码。与 ASD 组相比，TD 组具有更高的 SG 分数，包括更多的 SG 组件，并且使用更长的话语和更复杂的句法，而临床组之间没有发现差异。对于需要换位思考能力的 SG 组件，ASD 组的表现比 TD 和 DLD 组差。我们的结果表明，患有 ASD 的双语儿童在宏观结构和微观结构上都表现出弱点，这可能与患有 DLD 的儿童重叠。因此，患有 ASD 和 DLD 的双语儿童的语言特征既重叠又不同。ASD 组的表现比 TD 和 DLD 组差。我们的结果表明，患有 ASD 的双语儿童在宏观结构和微观结构上都表现出弱点，这可能与患有 DLD 的儿童重叠。因此，患有 ASD 和 DLD 的双语儿童的语言特征既重叠又不同。ASD 组的表现比 TD 和 DLD 组差。我们的结果表明，患有 ASD 的双语儿童在宏观结构和微观结构上都表现出弱点，这可能与患有 DLD 的儿童重叠。因此，患有 ASD 和 DLD 的双语儿童的语言特征既重叠又不同。