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Terrestrial Enlightenment: Ruin and Revolution in an Eighteenth-Century Climate Crisis
Journal of Social History ( IF 0.802 ) Pub Date : 2022-11-28 , DOI: 10.1093/jsh/shac057
Patrick Anthony

Some scholars and scientists identify the eighteenth century as an inflection point in the Anthropocene, a geologic age in which humans act as a planetary force. This article suggests that this inflection point was characterized not only by new means and scales of environmental manipulation, but also by the development of climate politics. Where forests have been the focus of considerable scholarship on eighteenth-century environmental policy, this article turns to hydrology as a theater of material and discursive engagement with the era’s most palpable climatic threat: deluge. Catastrophic floods, like that which followed the eruption of Iceland’s Eldeyjar and Lakagígar volcanos in 1783/84, show how climate took its place in the enlightenment “culture of disaster,” which shifted responsibility from divine to terrestrial authority. Under the rubric of terrestrial enlightenment, I propose a framework for understanding the broad assemblage of artifacts, environments, and imaginaries that constituted late-eighteenth-century climate politics. Encompassing natural resources, infrastructure, and even ruins, terrestrial enlightenment integrates a corresponding range of naturalists, chroniclers, engineers, scholars, artists, and politicians. The naturalist Georg Forster provides an especially rich archive of this time, from his study of Saxon hydraulics in the wake of the flood of 1784 to his death in Paris during the Terror of 1794. On either side of the Rhine, resource management and disaster mitigation materialized political power.

中文翻译:

地球启蒙:十八世纪气候危机中的毁灭与革命

一些学者和科学家认为 18 世纪是人类世的转折点,人类世是一个人类充当行星力量的地质时代。这篇文章表明,这个拐点的特点不仅在于环境操纵的新手段和规模,还在于气候政治的发展。森林一直是 18 世纪环境政策的大量学术研究的焦点,本文将水文学作为物质和话语的舞台,与那个时代最明显的气候威胁:洪水。灾难性的洪水,例如 1783/84 年冰岛的 Eldeyjar 和 Lakagígar 火山爆发后的洪水,显示了气候是如何在启蒙运动的“灾难文化”中占据一席之地的,这种文化将责任从神圣的权威转移到了地球的权威上。在地球启蒙的标题下,我提出了一个框架来理解构成 18 世纪晚期气候政治的人工制品、环境和想象的广泛组合。地球启蒙包括自然资源、基础设施,甚至废墟,整合了相应范围的博物学家、编年史家、工程师、学者、艺术家和政治家。博物学家乔治·福斯特 (Georg Forster) 提供了这段时间特别丰富的档案,从他在 1784 年洪水之后对撒克逊水力学的研究,到他在 1794 年恐怖袭击期间在巴黎去世。在莱茵河两岸,资源管理和减灾物化的政治权力。和构成 18 世纪晚期气候政治的想象。地球启蒙包括自然资源、基础设施,甚至废墟,整合了相应范围的博物学家、编年史家、工程师、学者、艺术家和政治家。博物学家乔治·福斯特 (Georg Forster) 提供了这段时间特别丰富的档案,从他在 1784 年洪水之后对撒克逊水力学的研究,到他在 1794 年恐怖袭击期间在巴黎去世。在莱茵河两岸,资源管理和减灾物化的政治权力。和构成 18 世纪晚期气候政治的想象。地球启蒙包括自然资源、基础设施,甚至废墟,整合了相应范围的博物学家、编年史家、工程师、学者、艺术家和政治家。博物学家乔治·福斯特 (Georg Forster) 提供了这段时间特别丰富的档案,从他在 1784 年洪水之后对撒克逊水力学的研究,到他在 1794 年恐怖袭击期间在巴黎去世。在莱茵河两岸,资源管理和减灾物化的政治权力。
更新日期:2022-11-28
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