This study offers insights into the institutional arrangements established to coordinate policies aiming at the mitigation of and adaptation to climate change. Drawing on the literature on policy design, we highlight institutional arrangements as elements of policy design spaces and contend that they fall into four categories that either stress the political or problem orientation of this activity: optimal, technical, political, and sub-optimal. We use original data on 44 major economies and greenhouse gas-emitting countries to test this expectation. These data capture various properties of national coordination arrangements, including the types of coordination instruments in place, the degree of hierarchy, the lead government agency responsible for coordination, and the scope of cross-sectoral policy coordination. The dataset also captures the degree to which non-state actors are involved in coordination and whether coordination processes are supported by scientific knowledge. Using cluster analysis, we show that the institutional arrangements for the horizontal coordination of climate policy do indeed fall into the four above-mentioned categories. The cluster analysis further reveals that a fifth, hybrid category exists. Interestingly, the political orientation dominates in the institutional arrangements for the horizontal coordination of climate change mitigation, whereas the problem orientation is more important in the arrangements for the horizontal coordination of climate change adaptation.

本研究提供了对为协调旨在减缓和适应气候变化的政策而建立的制度安排的见解。借鉴关于政策设计的文献，我们强调制度安排是政策设计空间的要素，并认为它们分为四类，强调该活动的政治或问题导向：最优、技术、政治和次优。我们使用 44 个主要经济体和温室气体排放国的原始数据来检验这一预期。这些数据记录了国家协调安排的各种属性，包括现有协调工具的类型、层次结构、负责协调的牵头政府机构以及跨部门政策协调的范围。该数据集还记录了非国家行为者参与协调的程度，以及协调过程是否得到科学知识的支持。通过聚类分析，我们表明气候政策横向协调的制度安排确实属于上述四类。聚类分析进一步表明存在第五种混合类别。有趣的是，在减缓气候变化横向协调的制度安排中，政治取向占主导地位，而在适应气候变化横向协调的制度安排中，问题导向更为重要。我们表明，气候政策横向协调的制度安排确实属于上述四类。聚类分析进一步表明存在第五种混合类别。有趣的是，在减缓气候变化横向协调的制度安排中，政治取向占主导地位，而在适应气候变化横向协调的制度安排中，问题导向更为重要。我们表明，气候政策横向协调的制度安排确实属于上述四类。聚类分析进一步表明存在第五种混合类别。有趣的是，在减缓气候变化横向协调的制度安排中，政治取向占主导地位，而在适应气候变化横向协调的制度安排中，问题导向更为重要。