Although adverse childhood experiences have been closely linked to a variety of adjustment difficulties in adulthood, less is known about which specific adverse experience or combinations of experiences are differentially predictive of internalising and externalising problems. This would undoubtedly enhance early adverse childhood experiences prevention and intervention programmes. Therefore, this research aims to explore the impact of adverse childhood experiences (abuse and neglect) on deviant behaviour, as well as depressive, anxious and stress symptoms in a community sample of Spanish young adults aged 18–20 years old (N = 270). All participants were recruited using convenience and snowball sampling methods as part of the International Study SOCIALDEVIANCE1820. All answered self-report questionnaires about sociodemographic issues, adverse childhood experiences as well as current deviant behaviour and current internalising symptoms. Regression and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis showed that experiencing either physical abuse or a combination of emotional abuse and emotional neglect may lead to externalising problems in men. Internalising problems, however, were linked to the cumulative effect of multiple adverse experiences and were more frequent in women. These pathways to both externalising and internalising problems suggest a differential impact of adverse experiences.

中文翻译：

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不良童年经历：成年早期问题内化和外化的途径

尽管不良的童年经历与成年后的各种适应困难密切相关，但人们对哪些特定的不良经历或经历的组合能够不同地预测内化和外化问题却知之甚少。这无疑将加强儿童早期不良经历的预防和干预计划。因此，本研究旨在探讨不良童年经历（虐待和忽视）对 18-20 岁西班牙年轻人社区样本中异常行为以及抑郁、焦虑和压力症状的影响（N = 270） 。作为国际研究 SOCIALDEVIANCE1820 的一部分，所有参与者都是使用便利和滚雪球抽样方法招募的。所有人都回答了有关社会人口问题的自我报告问卷，不良的童年经历以及当前的异常行为和当前的内化症状。回归和模糊集定性比较分析表明，经历身体虐待或情感虐待和情感忽视的结合可能会导致男性出现外化问题。然而，内化问题与多种不良经历的累积效应有关，并且在女性中更为常见。这些导致外化问题和内化问题的途径表明不良经历的影响不同。然而，内化问题与多种不良经历的累积效应有关，并且在女性中更为常见。这些导致外化问题和内化问题的途径表明不良经历的影响不同。然而，内化问题与多种不良经历的累积效应有关，并且在女性中更为常见。这些导致外化问题和内化问题的途径表明不良经历的影响不同。