Upon different stimulation, naïve CD4⁺ T cells differentiate into various subsets of T helper (Th) cells, including Th1, Th2, Th17, and Tregs. They play both protective and pathogenic roles in the central nervous system (CNS) by secreting different cytokines. Failure of the homeostasis of the subgroups in the CNS can result in different brain diseases. Recently, immunotherapy has drawn more and more attention in the therapy of various brain diseases. Here, we describe the role of different CD4⁺ T cell subsets and their secreted cytokines in various brain diseases, as well as the ways in which by affecting CD4⁺ T cells in therapy of the CNS diseases. Understanding the role of CD4⁺ T cells and their secreted cytokines in the immunotherapy of brain disease will provide new targets and therapeutics for the treatment of brain disease.

Graphical Abstract

The role of CD4 + T cell subtypes in different diseases and their associated regulatory genes, proteins, and enzymes. CD4 + T cell subtypes play both protective (green) and pathogenic (red) roles in different brain diseases. The immune regulatory effects of CD4 + T cells and their subtypes are promoted or inhibited by different genes, proteins, and enzymes.

中文翻译：

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CD4+ T细胞分泌不同细胞因子在脑疾病免疫治疗中的作用

在不同的刺激下，初始 CD4 ⁺ T 细胞分化为各种 T 辅助 (Th) 细胞亚群，包括 Th1、Th2、Th17 和 Treg。它们通过分泌不同的细胞因子在中枢神经系统 (CNS) 中发挥保护和致病作用。中枢神经系统亚群的稳态失衡会导致不同的脑部疾病。近年来，免疫疗法在各种脑部疾病的治疗中越来越受到重视。在这里，我们描述了不同CD4 ⁺ T细胞亚群及其分泌的细胞因子在各种脑部疾病中的作用，以及通过影响CD4 ⁺ T细胞治疗中枢神经系统疾病的方式。了解 CD4 ^+的作用T细胞及其分泌的细胞因子在脑疾病免疫治疗中的应用将为脑疾病的治疗提供新的靶点和疗法。

图形概要

CD4 + T 细胞亚型在不同疾病中的作用及其相关的调节基因、蛋白质和酶。CD4 + T 细胞亚型在不同脑部疾病中同时发挥保护（绿色）和致病（红色）作用。CD4+T细胞及其亚型的免疫调节作用受不同基因、蛋白质和酶的促进或抑制。