The occurrence of uranium in groundwater can cause potential human health risks and public health safety concerns in any region of the world. The present study is an attempt to assess the presence of uranium in groundwater resources of Manipur valley in India covering 2,238 sq.km. and its probable chemical and radiological toxicity risk associated with human health. The analysis of samples for both premonsoon (PM) and postmonsoon (PoM) seasons shows that all 140 values lie well below the provisional guideline of 30 ppb as per the World Health Organization. The maximum concentrations of uranium were recorded as 10.93 and 10.89 ppb during PM and PoM, respectively. The average concentrations were found to be 0.44 ppb during PM and 0.71 ppb during PoM. Comparing the results from a radiological risk perspective described by the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, India, the permissible maximum risk is 1.67 × 10⁻⁴. For the study, the cancer mortality risks were found to be 1.05 × 10⁻⁶ and 6.38 × 10⁻⁷, respectively, for PM and PoM. Similarly, the cancer morbidity risks are 1.60 × 10⁻⁶ and 9.76 × 10⁻⁷ for PM and PoM samples, respectively. Thus, it indicates that the likelihood of carcinogenic risks is insignificant for using groundwater samples for potable uses. Moreover, the groundwater samples show a hazard quotient lower than 1.0, signifying a very low risk from uranium's chemical toxicity. The calculated lifetime average daily dose ranged from 0 to 0.31 μg/[kg·day] for PM and PoM groundwater samples. Thus, the present study highlights the spatial and temporal variability of uranium concentration in groundwater of the study area and probable human health risk associated with the continuous consumption of uranium-containing groundwater.

中文翻译：

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印度曼尼普尔河谷地下水资源中天然存在的铀的化学毒性和放射毒性风险

地下水中出现铀会在世界任何地区引起潜在的人类健康风险和公共卫生安全问题。本研究试图评估印度曼尼普尔河谷 2,238 平方公里地下水资源中铀的存在。及其与人类健康相关的可能的化学和放射毒性风险。对季风前 (PM) 和季风后 (PoM) 季节的样本分析表明，所有 140 个值都远低于世界卫生组织规定的 30 ppb 的临时指南。在 PM 和 PoM 期间，铀的最大浓度分别记录为 10.93 和 10.89 ppb。发现平均浓度在 PM 期间为 0.44 ppb，在 PoM 期间为 0.71 ppb。^-4。在该研究中，发现PM 和 PoM的癌症死亡率风险分别为 1.05 × 10 ^-6和 6.38 × 10 ^{-7 。}同样，癌症发病风险为 1.60 × 10 ^-6和 9.76 × 10 ^-7分别用于 PM 和 PoM 样本。因此，这表明将地下水样本用于饮用水的致癌风险可能性很小。此外，地下水样本的危险系数低于 1.0，表明铀的化学毒性风险非常低。对于 PM 和 PoM 地下水样本，计算得出的终生平均日剂量范围为 0 至 0.31 μg/[kg·day]。因此，本研究强调了研究区地下水中铀浓度的空间和时间变化，以及与持续消耗含铀地下水相关的可能的人类健康风险。