Sportswashing has emerged full force in the 21st century, highlighting the gap between word and deed in the sports world. Yet, the term suffers from definitional imprecision and is often applied solely to autocratic hosts. This article offers a robust definition of sportswashing and—building from the soft-power approach to analyzing mega-events like the Olympics and World Cup—creates a sportswashing typology. This paper offers four advances in conceptualizing sportswashing: (a) the practice is not just the domain of autocrats, but can emerge in democracies as well; (b) domestic audiences are crucial to understanding the political complexities of sportswashing; (c) sportswashing often sets the stage for military intervention; and (d) new forms of sportswashing are emerging, with authoritarian regimes funding teams and events in democratic states.

Sportswashing 在 21 世纪全面兴起，凸显了体育界言行之间的差距。然而，该术语存在定义不准确的问题，通常仅适用于专制的东道国。本文提供了体育洗礼的有力定义，并且——从软实力方法构建来分析奥运会和世界杯等大型赛事——创建了体育洗礼类型学。本文提供了概念化运动清洗的四项进展：（a）这种做法不仅是独裁者的领域，而且也可以出现在民主国家；(b) 国内听众对于理解体育运动的政治复杂性至关重要；(c) 体育运动经常为军事干预奠定基础；(d) 新形式的运动洗礼正在出现，独裁政权资助民主国家的团队和活动。