The chapter “Objections 4” (“Nan 4”) occupies a peculiar position in Han Feizi. It comprises four historical anecdotes, each of which is centered on a speech or a short utterance that summarizes its moralizing message. Then an objector refutes this message by confronting it with a broader historical perspective, and a second debater refutes his predecessor’s views. In my essay I argue that not only are the first three anecdotes evidently borrowed from Zuozhuan, but, more significantly, the ensuing debate is based on surprisingly deep knowledge of Zuozhuan in general rather than of the specific anecdotes. The authors skillfully utilize the Zuozhuan narrative’s multivalence to undermine the moralizing message which transpires in the individual anecdotes. This reading of “Objections 4” chapter as an early ideological exegesis of Zuozhuan sheds a new light both on the early circulation of Zuozhuan and on the role of historical arguments in Han Feizi.

“异四”一章（“难四”）在韩非子中占有特殊的地位。它包括四个历史轶事，每个都以总结其道德信息的演讲或简短话语为中心。然后，反对者通过更广泛的历史视角来驳斥这条信息，第二位辩论者驳斥其前任的观点。在我的文章中，我认为不仅前三个轶事显然是从《左传》中借用的，而且更重要的是，随后的辩论是基于对《左传》的一般知识而不是具体轶事的惊人深刻了解。作者巧妙地运用了《左传》叙事的多价性破坏了在个别轶事中发生的道德信息。将“异议 4”一章作为《左传》的早期意识形态注解进行解读，为了解《左传》的早期流传和《韩非子》中历史论证的作用提供了新的视角。