Research has shown that novel words can be learned through the mechanism of statistical or cross-situational word learning (CSWL). So far, CSWL studies using adult populations have focused on the presentation of spoken words. However, words can also be learned through their written form. This study compared auditory and orthographic presentations of novel words with different degrees of phonological overlap using CSWL in a laboratory-based and an online-based approach. In our analyses, we first compared accuracy across modalities, with our findings showing more accurate recognition performance for CSWL when novel words were presented through their written forms (orthographic condition) rather than through their spoken forms (auditory condition). Bayesian modeling suggested that accuracy for the orthographic condition was higher in the laboratory compared to online, whereas performance in the auditory condition was similar across both experiments. We discuss the implications of our findings for presentation modality and the benefits of our online testing protocol for future research.

中文翻译：

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通过在线和基于实验室的测试研究正字法与听觉跨情境单词学习

研究表明，可以通过统计或跨情境单词学习 (CSWL) 机制来学习新单词。到目前为止，使用成年人群的 CSWL 研究主要集中在口语表达上。但是，也可以通过书面形式学习单词。本研究在基于实验室的方法和基于在线的方法中使用 CSWL 比较了具有不同程度的语音重叠的新词的听觉和正字法表示。在我们的分析中，我们首先比较了不同模式的准确性，我们的研究结果表明，当通过书面形式（拼写条件）而不是通过口头形式（听觉条件）呈现新词时，CSWL 的识别性能更准确。贝叶斯建模表明，与在线相比，实验室中正字法条件的准确性更高，而听觉条件下的表现在两个实验中相似。我们讨论了我们的发现对呈现方式的影响以及我们的在线测试协议对未来研究的好处。