Gasification has become an effective thermal technology for combustible municipal solid waste (CMSW) treatment. The produced sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds during gasification are being paid attention to owing to derived corrosion and emission issues. In this study, the release behavior of nitrogen and sulfur species from gasification of CMSW was investigated in CO₂ and H₂O atmosphere in a fixed-bed reactor. The experiments were performed at different temperatures and the collected gas–liquid–solid samples were analyzed separately using various methods, of which the concentration of various gas species including NO_x, NH₃, SO₂, and H₂S were determined by flue gas tester or Nessler's reagent colorimetric approach, and the contained components in tar were analyzed through gas chromatography–mass spectrometer technique. It was found that the release of nitrogen and sulfur changes with temperature and higher temperature generally promotes the formation of their corresponding gas-phase species. Certain amount of nitrogen and sulfur remained in char after gasification when the temperature rises from 600°C to 800°C. The NH₃ content in product gas is much higher than NO_x, where the latter species are detected only in part per billion level. The mass balance calculation indicates a possible existence of hydrogen cyanide and carbonyl sulfide in product gas. The tar compounds over the detectable range mainly consisted of hydrocarbons as well as several types of nitrogen-containing molecules but without sulfur-containing organics. An immigration route and distribution scenario of gasification cases <800°C was concluded and further compared between CO₂ and H₂O atmosphere at last.

中文翻译：

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可燃城市固体废物气化：硫和氮的释放和分布

气化已成为可燃城市固体废物 (CMSW) 处理的有效热力技术。由于衍生的腐蚀和排放问题，气化过程中产生的含硫和含氮化合物受到关注。在本研究中，研究了固定床反应器中 CO ₂和 H ₂ O 气氛中CMSW 气化过程中氮和硫物质的释放行为。实验在不同的温度下进行，并使用各种方法分别分析收集的气-液-固样品，其中包括 NO _x、NH ₃、SO ₂和 H _{2等各种气体种类的浓度}S的测定采用烟气测试仪或纳氏试剂比色法，焦油中所含成分采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术进行分析。结果发现，氮和硫的释放随温度变化而变化，温度升高通常会促进其相应气相物质的形成。当温度从600℃升至800℃时，气化后的焦炭中残留一定量的氮和硫。产品气中NH ₃含量远高于NO _x，其中后一种物种仅在十亿分之一的水平上被检测到。质量平衡计算表明产品气体中可能存在氰化氢和硫化羰。超过可检测范围的焦油化合物主要由碳氢化合物和几种含氮分子组成，但不含含硫有机物。最后总结了<800℃气化案例的迁移路线和分布场景，并进一步比较了CO ₂和H ₂ O大气。