Background The aim of the study, to evaluate the relationship between mode of delivery and preterm morbidities and mortality, who born ≤34 weeks of gestation within 1 year. Materials and methods Babies were divided into two groups as who were born by cesarean section (CS) and vaginal delivery (VD) between March 2019 and March 2020. Infants born at ≤28 weeks were also analyzed. Results The rate of CS delivery was 76% (378) in the whole group and 73% (115) in the babies of ≤28 gestational weeks. The most common maternal factor causing CS was preeclampsia (25%). The antenatal corticosteroid (ACS) application rate was 30% (152) in the whole group and 30% (45) in infants of ≤28 weeks. Rate of babies with an Apgar score of <5 at 5th min, asphyxia, multiple organ failure, development of severe respiratory distress syndrome, severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and mortality were significantly increased in infants born VD (for all p < 0.05). Mortality was significantly higher when gestational age was ≤28 weeks, birth weight was ≤1500 g and ACS was not administered (p < 0.001 for all). Conclusion Mortality, severe IVH, neonatal asphyxia and multiple organ failure were found to be higher in those who were born by VD. These findings suggest that these results were due to inadequate prenatal care and follow-up and lack of ACS.

中文翻译：

---

早产儿分娩方式与发病率和死亡率的关系

背景 本研究的目的是评估分娩方式与 1 年内出生≤34 周妊娠的早产发病率和死亡率之间的关系。材料和方法 将 2019 年 3 月至 2020 年 3 月期间通过剖宫产 (CS) 和阴道分娩 (VD) 出生的婴儿分为两组。还分析了 ≤28 周出生的婴儿。结果全组剖腹产率为76%（378例），≤28孕周婴儿剖腹产率为73%（115例）。导致 CS 的最常见母体因素是先兆子痫 (25%)。全组产前糖皮质激素（ACS）应用率为30%（152例），≤28周婴儿为30%（45例）。第 5 分钟 Apgar 评分 <5、窒息、多器官衰竭、严重呼吸窘迫综合征的婴儿比例，VD 出生婴儿的严重脑室内出血 (IVH) 和死亡率显着增加（所有 p < 0.05）。当胎龄 ≤ 28 周、出生体重 ≤ 1500 g 且未进行 ACS 时，死亡率显着更高（所有 p < 0.001）。结论 VD 出生者的死亡率、重度 IVH、新生儿窒息和多器官衰竭发生率较高。这些发现表明，这些结果是由于产前护理和随访不足以及缺乏 ACS 所致。发现新生儿窒息和多器官衰竭在 VD 出生的人中更高。这些发现表明，这些结果是由于产前护理和随访不足以及缺乏 ACS 所致。发现新生儿窒息和多器官衰竭在 VD 出生的人中更高。这些发现表明，这些结果是由于产前护理和随访不足以及缺乏 ACS 所致。