Dublin experienced a marked stagnation in population growth in the second half of the nineteenth century, accompanied by decaying infrastructure and poor public health. Historians have emphasized that this crisis was coupled with poor governance of the city of Dublin—manifested by eroding public services together with increasing tax burdens to counteract growing debt. This paper studies the municipal boundary expansion of Dublin in 1901, which occurred as a way to alleviate the city’s financial distress. It saw multiple relatively wealthy townships annexed by the city via royal order to increase Dublin’s tax base. Using a sample of census records matched to city streets, we show that wealthy residents and Protestant residents were more likely to leave annexed areas compared to areas that remained independent. Moreover, we offer anecdotal evidence that at least some of the wealthy Protestant households departing annexed townships sorted into jurisdictions that remained independent. Our findings offer support to arguments that the municipal annexation by the city of Dublin may have accelerated the decline of annexed areas in the early twentieth century and contributed to municipal fragmentation in metropolitan Dublin.

中文翻译：

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1900 年左右都柏林的住宅外流：市政吞并和地方政府的偏好

都柏林在 19 世纪下半叶经历了人口增长的明显停滞，伴随着基础设施的衰败和公共卫生状况的恶化。历史学家强调，这场危机伴随着都柏林市的治理不善——表现在公共服务受到侵蚀以及税收负担增加以抵消不断增长的债务。本文研究了 1901 年都柏林的市政边界扩张，这是缓解该市财政困境的一种方式。它看到多个相对富裕的乡镇通过皇家命令被城市吞并，以增加都柏林的税基。使用与城市街道匹配的人口普查记录样本，我们表明，与保持独立的地区相比，富裕居民和新教居民更有可能离开附属地区。而且，我们提供的轶事证据表明，至少有一些离开附属乡镇的富裕的新教家庭进入了保持独立的司法管辖区。我们的研究结果支持以下论点，即都柏林市的市政吞并可能加速了 20 世纪初附属地区的衰落，并导致都柏林大都市的市政分裂。