New data are used to construct a time series of real GDP in Germany for the period 1500–1850 using an indirect output estimation technique that relies on wages, prices, and sectoral employment. Until the mid-seventeenth century, real GDP per capita moved inversely with population. The eighteenth century saw a modest rise in output per head. From the late 1810s, economic growth gradually accelerated. The results shed new light on the reversal of fortunes in early modern Europe and the transition from a Malthusian regime to modern economic growth.

中文翻译：

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德国的经济增长，1500–1850

新数据用于构建 1500 年至 1850 年期间德国实际 GDP 的时间序列，使用依赖于工资、价格和部门就业的间接产出估算技术。直到 17 世纪中叶，实际人均 GDP 与人口呈反比变化。十八世纪人均产出略有上升。从 1810 年代后期开始，经济增长逐渐加快。这些结果为现代早期欧洲的命运逆转以及从马尔萨斯政权向现代经济增长的转变提供了新的线索。