Early detection of BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) infection in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) would enhance their quality of life and save the allograft. Still, many patients lose their grafted kidneys because of this infection. BKPyV microRNAs (miRNAs) have been detected in KTRs during viral infection. BKPyV produces two mature miRNAs that are named BKV-miR-B1-5p and BKV-miR-B1-3p. Additionally, BKPyV associated nephropathy (BKVAN) in kidney transplanted patients cause changes in the expression level of host genes and miRNAs such as IFN-ɣ, BCLA2A1, has-miR-10, and has-miR-30a. BKVAN can alter viral genes and miRNAs expression level, too, like viral miRNAs and T-Ag. However, their potential value as viral infection markers and the regulatory network produced by their expression during viral-host interactions needs more consideration since there are no approved medications for treating BKPyV-related diseases in KTRs. Hence, it is vital to recognize complicated facts regarding the impact of BKPyV infection on the distribution of miRNAs and mRNAs within the host cell and the virus.

中文翻译：

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肾移植受者 BK 多瘤病毒感染期间宿主和病毒 RNA 失调

BK多瘤病毒的早期检测(BKPyV) 肾移植受者 (KTR) 感染将提高他们的生活质量并挽救同种异体移植物。尽管如此，许多患者还是因为这种感染而失去了移植的肾脏。在病毒感染期间，在 KTR 中检测到了 BKPyV microRNA (miRNA)。BKPyV 产生两种成熟的 miRNA，分别命名为 BKV-miR-B1-5p 和 BKV-miR-B1-3p。此外，肾移植患者中的 BKPyV 相关性肾病 (BKVAN) 会导致宿主基因和 miRNA（例如 IFN-ɣ、BCLA2A1、has-miR-10 和 has-miR-30a）的表达水平发生变化。BKVAN 也可以改变病毒基因和 miRNA 的表达水平，就像病毒 miRNA 和 T-Ag 一样。然而，它们作为病毒感染标记物的潜在价值以及它们在病毒-宿主相互作用期间表达产生的调节网络需要更多考虑，因为目前还没有批准用于治疗 KTR 中 BKPyV 相关疾病的药物。因此，认识到 BKPyV 感染对宿主细胞和病毒内 miRNA 和 mRNA 分布影响的复杂事实至关重要。