Feedback is considered of great relevance for supporting student learning. It is therefore the focus of a significant body of theoretical work and is included in many observation frameworks for measuring teaching quality. However, little is currently known about the extent to which the theoretical and empirical knowledge of feedback from the literature is represented in operationalizations of feedback in observation frameworks. In this exploratory study, we first reviewed the literature and identified nine quality criteria for effective feedback. Using content analysis, we then explored the extent to which 12 widely used observation frameworks for teaching quality reflect these criteria and the similarities and differences in their approaches to capturing feedback quality. Only ten of the 12 frameworks measured feedback. Nine frameworks addressed feedback directly, while one framework only captured feedback indirectly. All frameworks differed in the number of feedback quality criteria they captured, the aspects they focused on for each one, and the detail in which they described them. One criterion (Feed Up) was not captured by any framework. The results show that more clarity is needed about which facets of feedback are integrated into frameworks and why. The study also highlights the importance of finding ways to complement observation frameworks with other measures so that feedback quality is captured in a more comprehensive fashion.

反馈被认为与支持学生学习密切相关。因此，它是大量理论工作的重点，并包含在许多衡量教学质量的观察框架中。然而，目前对于文献中反馈的理论和经验知识在观察框架中的反馈操作化中的体现程度知之甚少。在这项探索性研究中，我们首先回顾了文献并确定了有效反馈的九个质量标准。然后，我们使用内容分析探讨了 12 个广泛使用的教学质量观察框架在多大程度上反映了这些标准，以及它们捕获反馈质量的方法的异同。12 个框架中只有 10 个衡量了反馈。九个框架直接处理反馈，而一个框架仅间接捕获反馈。所有框架的不同之处在于它们捕获的反馈质量标准的数量、它们针对每个标准关注的方面以及它们描述它们的细节。一个标准（Feed Up）没有被任何框架捕获。结果表明，需要更清楚地了解反馈的哪些方面被整合到框架中以及为什么。该研究还强调了寻找用其他措施补充观察框架的方法的重要性，以便以更全面的方式捕获反馈质量。以及他们描述的细节。一个标准（Feed Up）没有被任何框架捕获。结果表明，需要更清楚地了解反馈的哪些方面被整合到框架中以及为什么。该研究还强调了寻找用其他措施补充观察框架的方法的重要性，以便以更全面的方式捕获反馈质量。以及他们描述的细节。一个标准（Feed Up）没有被任何框架捕获。结果表明，需要更清楚地了解反馈的哪些方面被整合到框架中以及为什么。该研究还强调了寻找用其他措施补充观察框架的方法的重要性，以便以更全面的方式捕获反馈质量。