This paper presents various Chinese-Christian understandings of the Protestant missions from the U.S. and U.K. in the 1920s. By examining three typical attitudes represented by Zhao Zichen, Li Chunfan, and Zhang Yijing, the author argues that external influences from ideologies – such as nationalism – alone are insufficient to explain the differences among them. Looking closely at what Zhao, Li, and Zhang wrote about the Anti-Christian Movement, it is argued that their inner commitments should be included when accounting for their differences.

中文翻译：

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意识形态与承诺：对反基督教运动中新教宣教的三种典型态度分析

本文介绍了 1920 年代华人基督徒对美国和英国新教宣教的各种理解。通过考察以赵子臣、李春帆和张以静为代表的三种典型态度，作者认为仅靠民族主义等意识形态的外部影响不足以解释它们之间的差异。仔细观察赵、李和张写的关于反基督教运动的文章，有人认为在解释他们的差异时应该包括他们内心的承诺。