ABSTRACT

Purpose

We performed a meta-analysis to examine if children with dyslexia experience deficits in morphological awareness (MA) and if the effect sizes are influenced by different moderators (age, aspect of MA measured, type of MA task, language, modality input, semantic knowledge, and selection criteria).

Method

We reviewed 40 studies published in English between January 1990 and August 2021, representing a total of 5,018 participants (age range = 5.1–13.9 years). Studies with adults or English language learners were excluded. There were 49 independent samples in the chronological-age (CA) – dyslexia (DYS) comparison and 18 independent samples in the comparison between DYS and reading–level (RL) controls.

Results

A random-effects model analysis revealed a large effect size for the CA–DYS comparison (g = 1.11) and a non-significant effect size for the RL–DYS comparison (g = −0.08). Age was the only significant moderator of the effect sizes.

Conclusion

These findings suggest, first, that individuals with dyslexia experience significant difficulties in MA and second, that the effect sizes are as large as those reported for phonological awareness, rapid automatized naming, and orthographic knowledge. The lack of a significant RL-DYS difference indicates that MA is not a core causal feature of dyslexia.

中文翻译：

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发育性阅读障碍形态意识缺陷的荟萃分析

摘要

目的

我们进行了一项荟萃分析，以检查患有阅读障碍的儿童是否在形态意识 (MA) 方面存在缺陷，以及效应大小是否受到不同调节因素的影响（年龄、测量的 MA 方面、MA 任务类型、语言、模态输入、语义知识和选择标准）。

方法

我们回顾了 1990 年 1 月至 2021 年 8 月期间以英文发表的 40 项研究，共有 5,018 名参与者（年龄范围 = 5.1-13.9 岁）。成人或英语学习者的研究被排除在外。在实际年龄 (CA) - 阅读障碍 (DYS) 比较中有 49 个独立样本，在 DYS 和阅读水平 (RL) 对照之间的比较中有 18 个独立样本。

结果

随机效应模型分析揭示了 CA–DYS 比较的较大效应量 ( g = 1.11) 和 RL–DYS 比较的非显着效应量 ( g = −0.08)。年龄是影响大小的唯一重要调节因素。

结论

这些发现表明，首先，有阅读障碍的人在 MA 中经历了重大困难，其次，影响大小与语音意识、快速自动命名和正字法知识报告的影响大小一样大。缺乏显着的 RL-DYS 差异表明 MA 不是阅读障碍的核心因果特征。