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A comparison of three approaches to covariate effects on latent factors
Visualization in Engineering Pub Date : 2022-12-21 , DOI: 10.1186/s40536-022-00148-2
Ze Wang

In educational and psychological research, it is common to use latent factors to represent constructs and then to examine covariate effects on these latent factors. Using empirical data, this study applied three approaches to covariate effects on latent factors: the multiple-indicator multiple-cause (MIMIC) approach, multiple group confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) approach, and the structural equation model trees (SEM Trees) approach. The MIMIC approach directly models covariate effects on latent factors. The MG-CFA approach allows testing of measurement invariance before latent factor means could be compared. The more recently developed SEM Trees approach partitions the sample into homogenous subsets based on the covariate space; model parameters are estimated separately for each subgroup. We applied the three approaches using an empirical dataset extracted from the eighth-grade U.S. data from the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study 2019 database. All approaches suggested differences among mathematics achievement categories for the latent factor of mathematics self-concept. In addition, language spoken at home did not seem to affect students’ mathematics self-concept. Despite these general findings, the three approaches provided different pieces of information regarding covariate effects. For all models, we appropriately considered the complex data structure and sampling weights following recent recommendations for analyzing large-scale assessment data.

中文翻译:

三种方法对潜在因素的协变量效应的比较

在教育和心理学研究中,通常使用潜在因素来表示结构,然后检查这些潜在因素的协变量效应。本研究使用经验数据,应用三种方法来分析对潜在因素的协变量影响:多指标多原因 (MIMIC) 方法、多组验证性因素分析 (MG-CFA) 方法和结构方程模型树 (SEM 树)方法。MIMIC 方法直接模拟协变量对潜在因素的影响。MG-CFA 方法允许在比较潜在因子均值之前测试测量不变性。最近开发的 SEM 树方法根据协变量空间将样本划分为同质子集;为每个子组单独估计模型参数。我们使用从 2019 年国际数学和科学研究趋势数据库中的美国八年级数据中提取的经验数据集来应用这三种方法。所有方法都表明数学自我概念的潜在因素在数学成绩类别之间存在差异。此外,在家里说的语言似乎并没有影响学生的数学自我概念。尽管有这些一般性发现,但这三种方法提供了关于协变量效应的不同信息。对于所有模型,我们根据最近关于分析大规模评估数据的建议适当考虑了复杂的数据结构和采样权重。所有方法都表明数学自我概念的潜在因素在数学成绩类别之间存在差异。此外,在家里说的语言似乎并没有影响学生的数学自我概念。尽管有这些一般性发现,但这三种方法提供了关于协变量效应的不同信息。对于所有模型,我们根据最近关于分析大规模评估数据的建议适当考虑了复杂的数据结构和采样权重。所有方法都表明数学自我概念的潜在因素在数学成绩类别之间存在差异。此外,在家里说的语言似乎并没有影响学生的数学自我概念。尽管有这些一般性发现,但这三种方法提供了关于协变量效应的不同信息。对于所有模型,我们根据最近关于分析大规模评估数据的建议适当考虑了复杂的数据结构和采样权重。
更新日期:2022-12-21
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