ABSTRACT

This work aims to define the structural elements of aristocratic rule, noble lords in Álava and Parientes Mayores (heads of household) in Guipúzcoa and Biscay, over their lordships and church patronages; the fiscal and political opposition presented by hidalgos (petty nobility), peasants, ferrones (metal-industry workers) and townspeople; and the evolution of the resulting conflict over time. We also outline the discourses elaborated to legitimise lordly authority or to reject it, and those mobilised to denounce the arbitrary fiscal demands of the nobility and conditions of political exclusion. In order to illustrate this, we examine the rule of the Rojas and the Hurtado de Mendoza families over the small towns of Antoñana and Santa Cruz de Campezo, and the steadfast opposition to this rule from the towns’ residents.

摘要

这项工作旨在定义贵族统治的结构要素，阿拉瓦的贵族领主和吉普斯夸和比斯开的Parientes Mayores（户主）超越他们的领地和教会赞助；hidalgos（小贵族）、农民、ferrones提出的财政和政治反对派（金属工业工人）和市民；以及由此产生的冲突随时间的演变。我们还概述了为使君主权威合法化或拒绝它而精心设计的话语，以及那些被动员起来谴责贵族的专断财政要求和政治排斥条件的话语。为了说明这一点，我们考察了 Rojas 和 Hurtado de Mendoza 家族对 Antoñana 和 Santa Cruz de Campezo 小镇的统治，以及城镇居民对这一统治的坚决反对。