The Onychostoma macrolepis (O. macrolepis) is a rare and endangered wild species. Their endangered extinction might be due to their low fertility. To further illustrate the molecular mechanism of gonad development of the male and female O. macrolepis, the present study carried out de novo testicular and ovarian transcriptome sequencing. By comparing ovary and testis, 30,869 differentially expressed unigenes (9870 in female, 20999 in male) were identified. In addition, KEGG and GO analysis suggested that the Hedgehog signaling pathway have important roles in testis maintenance and spermatogenesis, whereas the Hippo signaling pathway and Wnt signaling pathway are likely to participate in ovary maintenance. RT-qPCR analysis results were consistent with transcriptome sequencing that all of gender differentiation-related genes (FOXL2, GDF9, WNT4, CYP19A1, SOX9 and GATA4), temperature-enriched genes (NOVA1, CTGF and NR4A1), clock-related genes (PER2, PER3, CRY1, CRY2, BMAL1 and CIPC) were significantly differential expression in testis compared with ovaries. Taken together, these results revealed a potential molecular mechanism that low fertility of the O. macrolepis might strong correlate with the gonadal dyssynchrony development of the male and female, which might provide theoretical basis and technical support for artificial reproduction and germplasm resource protection of the O. macrolepis.

Onychostoma macrolepis (O. macrolepis) 是一种珍稀濒危的野生物种。它们濒临灭绝可能是由于它们的低生育率。为了进一步阐明雄性和雌性 O. macrolepis 性腺发育的分子机制，本研究进行了从头睾丸和卵巢转录组测序。通过比较卵巢和睾丸，鉴定出 30,869 个差异表达的单基因（女性 9870 个，男性 20999 个）。此外，KEGG和GO分析表明，Hedgehog信号通路在睾丸维持和精子发生中具有重要作用，而Hippo信号通路和Wnt信号通路可能参与卵巢维持。RT-qPCR分析结果与所有性别分化相关基因（FOXL2、GDF9、WNT4、CYP19A1、SOX9 和 GATA4）、温度富集基因（NOVA1、CTGF 和 NR4A1）、时钟相关基因（PER2、PER3、CRY1、CRY2、BMAL1 和 CIPC）在睾丸和卵巢中的表达差异显着。综上所述，这些结果揭示了大鳞鱼低育性与雌雄性腺不同步发育密切相关的潜在分子机制，可为大鳞鱼的人工繁殖和种质资源保护提供理论依据和技术支持。 . 大鳞鳞鱼。