ABSTRACT: Benthic organic enrichment at 2 high-flow Atlantic salmon Salmo salar farms and at a low-flow mussel Mytilus edulis farm was studied to assess the capacity of local physical and biological processes to assimilate organic waste inputs. Geochemical metrics served as proxies for detecting potential biological effects. High-flow sites are generally predicted to assimilate organic enrichment by flow- and wave-induced waste dispersion and metabolic processes. However, a decrease in porewater dissolved oxygen was detected out to 100 m at the salmon farm with cohesive sediments and to approximately 1000 m outside the farm with permeable sediment. Sediment oxygen consumption was responsive to the vertical flux of organic matter, resulting in hypoxic conditions. An increase in total free sulfides (H₂S + HS^- + S^2-) in porewater was restricted to the immediate vicinity of both salmon farms. Despite exhibiting a high degree of small-scale patchiness, benthic effects were greatest at the fish farms during the pre-harvest period, regardless of season. Natural organic enrichment at the mussel farm constrained the assimilative capacity for biodeposition, resulting in substantial free sulfide accumulation. Sediment free sulfide analysis at a wide array of fish and shellfish farms showed that the ion-selective electrode method that is widely prescribed for regulatory aquaculture monitoring gave biased readings relative to methylene blue colorimetry and direct UV spectrophotometry. The ecological quality status classification system was extended to include quantitative relationships between a wide range of geochemical and biological variables employed worldwide to monitor and regulate the effects of benthic organic enrichment.

中文翻译：

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海洋沉积物的水产养殖有机富集：同化能力、地球化学指标、可变性和影响分类

摘要：2 个高流量大西洋鲑鱼鲑鱼养殖场和一个低流量贻贝Mytilus edulis的底栖有机物富集对农场进行了研究，以评估当地物理和生物过程吸收有机废物输入的能力。地球化学指标可作为检测潜在生物效应的指标。通常预测高流量地点会通过流量和波浪诱导的废物分散和代谢过程吸收有机物富集。然而，在具有粘性沉积物的鲑鱼养殖场内检测到孔隙水溶解氧减少至 100 米，在具有可渗透沉积物的养殖场外检测到孔隙水溶解氧减少约 1000 米。沉积物耗氧量对有机质的垂直通量有反应，导致缺氧条件。游离硫化物总量增加 (H ₂ S + HS ^- + S ^2-) 在孔隙水中被限制在两个鲑鱼养殖场附近。尽管表现出高度的小规模斑块，但无论季节如何，捕捞前的养鱼场底栖效应最大。贻贝养殖场的天然有机物富集限制了生物沉积的同化能力，导致大量游离硫化物积累。大量鱼类和贝类养殖场的沉积物游离硫化物分析表明，与亚甲蓝比色法和直接紫外分光光度法相比，广泛用于监管水产养殖监测的离子选择电极法给出的读数存在偏差。